Philosophy, Religion, & Ideology
Which ancient Greek philosopher argued that certain people lack "higher reasoning capacities" and were born to be ruled by other more "intelligent" people?
Aristotle
European merchants traded high volumes of firearms and gunpowder in exchange strictly for what?
Captured/kidnapped human beings
What term refers to a legal system where enslaved people are defined strictly as personal, movable property?
Chattel slavery
True or False: In ancient Greece, Rome, and the Islamic world, enslavement was based entirely on race and skin color.
Falsr
What biblical myth from Genesis was distorted by proslavery theologians to falsely claim dark-skinned people were condemned to endless enslavement?
The Curse of Ham
What type of feedback loop forced African states to capture neighbors for guns just to defend themselves from being captured?
Positive feedback loop
Name two major cash crops that generated national wealth for early European empires through unpaid labor
Tobacco, sugar, rice, cotton
Name one way enslaved individuals in ancient or indigenous societies could change their legal status or live somewhat integrated lives.
Earn wages and buy freedom, own personal property, serve in military/government roles, or marry into their host family
How did enslavers use "paternalist/paternalistic ideology" alongside religious arguments to justify forced slave labor? (has to do w/going to heaven)
They falsely claimed forced labor was positive because it introduced enslaved people to Christianity
What historical castle on the coast of West African served as a major slave trading post and today causes profound sadness for visitors due to its dark history?
Elmina Castle
What event involved a British slave ship throwing over 130 enslaved people overboard to collect maritime insurance payout money?
Zong Massacre
Tell me one form of resistance used by enslaved people.
Run away, armed rebellions, work slowdowns (faking being sick/injured)
How did 16th- and 17th-century European scholars adapt classical Greek philosophy to justify European dominance worldwide?
They revived Aristotle’s 1,500+ year old writings to construct a racial hierarchy, claiming European dominance as part of a "natural order."
Explain the "existential choice" African states faced when European firearms were introduced to coastal regions.
They needed firearms to protect themselves which made many participate in the slave trade. Refusing to participate meant leaving yourself vulnerable to others that did.
By passing the status of enslavement from the mother to the child
Who named Kunta Kinte "Toby" in the show roots?
Wife of slave owner.
Why was the religious myth of the Curse of Ham so crucial to the expansion of chattel slavery among European Christians?
It changed chattel slavery from a sin into a divine act ordered by God.
Which slave ship stopped at Elmina Castle before intentionally drowning many of it's slaves?
Zong
What error did the Zong slave ship make in it's navigation that led to them running low on water and throwing their human cargo overboard?
They went past their destination by 300 miles without noticing
Why did Malcolm X change his name from "Malcolm Little" to "Malcolm X"
Because Little was the last name of the slave owner who owned his ancestors