Energy
What is energy?
The ability to cause change or do work
What is matter?
anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)
What is erosion?
Erosion is the movement of rock or soil by wind, water, or ice; for example, a river carrying sediment downstream
Explain how sound is produced
Through sound vibrations
What is motion?
Motion is a change in an object's position over time, described by its speed or direction.
Name two forms of energy
various answers
Name the three states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
What is weathering and how is it different from erosion?
Weathering breaks rocks down into smaller pieces, whereas erosion moves those broken pieces somewhere else.
How does sound travel? Name the thing that moves through (what medium)
Sound travels as a wave through a medium, which can be a solid, liquid, or gas (like air or water)
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion
What does it mean that energy can be transformed?
Energy is transformed when it changes from one form to another. energy cannot be created or destroyed
Explain what happens to matter when energy (heat) is added to a solid
When heat is added to a solid like ice, it melts and changes into a liquid (water).
Name one piece of evidence that shows Earth has changed over time
fossils or rock layers
What is visible light?
Visible light is the form of radiant energy that our eyes can see
How does friction affect motion?
Friction opposes motion and slows moving objects down. For example, a book slides more slowly across a carpeted classroom floor than a smooth table because the carpet creates more friction.
Identify whether solar energy is renewable or nonrenewable and explain why in one sentence.
answers vary
Give an example of two substances mixed together that do NOT change their physical properties (a mixture) and explain why it’s a mixture
A mixture of sand and salt; it is a mixture because both substances keep their own distinct physical properties.
Plate tectonics is the movement of Earth’s giant crustal plates; it shapes Earth's surface by causing earthquakes, building mountains, and forming volcanoes
Explain what refraction is with an example
Matter can bend light, which is called refraction. For example, a straw looks bent in a glass of water because light changes speed when it moves from the air into the water
When two objects collide, what happens to energy or motion in one sentence?
Energy and motion are transferred between the objects; after a collision, one object typically slows down while the other speeds up.
Describe how electrical energy can be changed into two other forms of energy in a single everyday example
what is an atom?
An atom is the tiny particle that makes up all matter; atoms join together to form substances
Describe the rock cycle in two or three sentences (include at least one process that changes rock types).
The rock cycle describes how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are constantly changing into one another. This happens over time through processes like melting, cooling, weathering, erosion, compaction, heat, and pressure.
Describe how radiant (light) energy can be transformed into thermal energy with one everyday example.
. Sunlight (radiant energy) shining down on a dark pavement warms it up, transforming the light into thermal (heat) energy.
Explain how net force, mass, and changes in motion are related — give a short example
. Net force causes an object to accelerate (change its motion), but an object with more mass requires a greater net force to change its motion than an object with less mass. For example, pushing a heavy teacher's desk requires a lot more force to move it than pushing a lightweight chair.