Sleep-Wake Cycle
Sleep deprivation
Sleep Hygiene
Physiological and Psychological effects
Studies and Research on Sleep
100

What are the two main types of sleep in the sleep-wake cycle?

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).

100

What is one common cause of sleep deprivation?

Shift work, drugs, sleep environment, or stressors.

100

What is one way to improve sleep hygiene?

Managing electronic devices or maintaining consistent sleep patterns.

100

What is one effect of partial sleep deprivation on mood?

Increased irritability or mood swings.

100

What was the primary focus of the He et al. (2020) study?

The effect of restricting bedtime mobile phone use on sleep, arousal, mood, and working memory.

200

Name one characteristic of NREM 2 sleep

Reduced heart rate, muscle tension, or minimal eye movement.

200

Name one psychological effect of partial sleep deprivation.

Changes in mood, reduced attention, or slower reflex speed.

200

How does restricting bedtime mobile phone use help with sleep?

It reduces pre-sleep arousal and improves sleep quality.

200

What effect does sleep deprivation have on attention?

 It decreases focus and concentration.

200

How was sleep quality measured in the He et al. study?

Through sleep diaries and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

300

During which stage of sleep do we experience the most vivid dreams?

REM sleep.

300

What is one physiological effect of chronic sleep deprivation?

Increased risk of heart disease, obesity, or insomnia.

300

What role does creating a healthy sleep environment play in sleep hygiene?

It helps improve the quality of sleep by minimizing disturbances.

300

How does chronic sleep deprivation affect anxiety levels?

It can increase anxiety.

300

What was one key finding from the He et al. study regarding working memory?

Restricting mobile phone use before bed improved working memory.

400

How many stages of NREM sleep are there?

Three

400

Which type of sleep deprivation is associated with heart disease and obesity?

Chronic sleep deprivation.

400

Which study looked at the effects of bedtime mobile phone use on sleep?

The He et al. (2020) study.

400

What is one long-term health consequence of chronic sleep deprivation?

Increased risk of heart disease.

400

What scale was used to measure pre-sleep arousal in the He et al. study?

The Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale.

500

What changes in sleep state happen during the REM phase?

Increased eye movement, faster heart rate, and muscle relaxation.

500

How does sleep deprivation affect reflex speed and vision?

It can slow reflexes and impair vision.

500

Consistent sleep patterns help to regulate which cycle?

The sleep-wake cycle.

500

How does sleep deprivation affect working memory?

It impairs working memory function.

500

How did the He et al. study show a link between mobile phone use and sleep quality?

It demonstrated that restricting phone use improved sleep duration and quality.