Universality of Sleep
What is an example of "segmented" sleep that is still prevalent in many cultures?
Siesta
Polysomnography is the ____ of sleep measurement, but it is not always preferred.
Gold Standard
REM sleep is sometimes called ____.
paradoxical sleep
This is due to the EEG activity being remarkably similar to EEG activity while awake.
Chronotherapy to help with jet lag is typically administered at _____ lux.
10,000
He conducted numerous cave studies that provided a lot of information about how circadian rhythms change when not exposed to normal light/dark cycles.
Michel Siffre
There are approximately 60,000 vertebrate species.
Sleep has been studied in ___ of them.
less than 100
A benefit of sleep diaries includes:
Show nightly variability
Track sequences of events
Monitor therapeutic progress
Measure taken close in relation to sleep
Sleep stage scoring is typically done manually. The sleep data is typically segmented into _____.
30-second epochs
When do melatonin levels peak?
Mid-sleep
Ishimori and Pieron were sleep researchers who did some of the first work on ____ at the same time in 1906-1907.
Process S
Ishimori published his research first, but Pieron was more widely accessible due to it being in English.
Microsleeps
Perceived chronotype questionnaires tend to measure:
propensity to sleep within the 24-hour period
The two distinctive sleep features that occur during N2 sleep are:
K-complexes and sleep spindles
What is the most accurate way of measuring the circadian pacemaker?
Dim-light melatonin onset
He invented EEG in 1924
Hans Berger
What is the cultural habit in Japan where individuals sleep while being present?
Inemuri
It is culturally accepted and is thought of being indicative of being a hard and diligent worker.
The amount of time it takes to fall asleep
sleep onset latency (SOL)
On a typical night, a young adult will generally have the majority of ___ sleep in the first half of the night, and the majority of ___ sleep in the second half of the night.
N3 or slow-wave sleep in the first half
REM sleep in second half
When a dog is injected with the CSF of a sleepy dog, what will happen?
It will become sleepy as well, falling asleep within 2-6 hours.
He developed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Dan Buysse
True or False: Hibernation is the same as sleeping?
False
Hibernation is a state where body temperature and metabolism drops substantially, but it is not sleep. Animals still come out of hibernation to sleep.
The definition of sleep
Sleep is a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the environment (usually marked by physiological changes and homeostatic regulation/rebound)
The _____ typically occurs in sleep laboratories and is often accounted for by having a baseline overnight session prior to any experimental manipulation or sleep monitoring.
first night effect
What are the periods of alertness that often occur prior to the onset of melatonin?
Wake maintenance zone
Often occur around/before dusk
Recent translation found that ____ and ____ visually identified rapid eye movements in infants in 1926.
Maria Denisova and Nicholai Figurin