Syntax
Draw a tree for the following sentence (use the large whiteboards)
- I totally forgot about my taco in the fridge
Answer is #1 on the google document
Antonym type and reasoning for the following pair:
Complementary. they can exist independently of each other.
The present tense of many verbs end in ing.
Descriptive or prescriptive rule?
Descriptive
Explain the dialect continuum and give examples.
A large number of contiguous dialects, each slightly different from the one next to it so that people can understand the neighboring dialects, but the dialects at either end are not mutually intelligible.
Example: Arabic speakers have contiguous dialects as people on the eastern and western ends of the continuum cannot understand each other.
What is linguistic competence? Give 3 examples.
Communicative competence is knowing how to use language within a cultural setting. Whereas you aren’t really consciously aware of your linguistic competence, you are probably aware of your communicative competence to at least some extent.
Examples :
Politeness
Speaker Roles
Turn-taking Rules
Draw a tree for the following sentence (use the large whiteboards)
- I totally forgot about my taco after work
Answer is #2 on google doc
Antonym type and reasoning for the following pair:
Converse. One cannot exist without the other.
What are three reasons to why adjuncts are unique
Adjuncts are not required.
You can have as many adjuncts as you like.
Adjuncts can be in any order.
Explain the main difference between pidgin and creole.
Pidgins are never a person’s native language where a Creole can.
Give one example of language determinism.
We perceive that we are moving through time, away from the past and towards the future.
Draw a tree for the following sentence (use the large whiteboards)
- He will go to the party alone
Answer is #5 on google doc
Can an expression have a sense but not a referent? Give one example.
yes. Queen of the USA.
English has --- word order
Subject Verb Object
What are the two stages that usually take place before a pidgin is developed?
Start with lexical borrowings
Become a jargon
Become a pidgin when grammar forms.
Define arbitrary, icon, and index and give examples of each.
Arbitrary – there is no reason for a symbol to mean what it does other than cultural convention – we agree it means what it means.
Example: words.
Icon – something that resembles what it is supposed to represent.
Examples: emojis
Index – something that doesn’t resemble what it refers to, but it points to it, through cause (smoke indexes fire), or in language, through cultural perception.
Draw a tree for the following sentence (use the large whiteboards)
- Ken dropped the cup on the floor
Answer is #4 on the google doc
Antonym type and reasoning for the following pair:
Complementary. They can exist independently of each other.
What lexical category follows nouns?
Verbs
List the three causes of regional variations in the U.S.
Influence of country of origin of original European settlers.
Geographic Isolation
Political/Social Ideology
Explain the VW Commercial Controversy of 2013 Takeaways.
If you are going to use a language, cultural feature, or artifact of another people, work with them. Get their permission and an emic viewpoint.
If you are going to make any kind of presentation, consider your audience.
Always know that your language ideology and cultural lens is not that of other people. Be open to other views, other people, and other ideologies – language or otherwise.
Draw a tree for the following sentence (use the large whiteboards)
- Ken chose the cup with the broken handle
Answer on google doc #3
Antonym type and reasoning for the following pair:
Gradable. The pair presented has a continuum.
What lexical category comes between ‘the’ and a noun and typically ends in '-y'?
ADJECTIVES
Give examples of social factors that tend to contribute to play a role in our language variation.
Gender
Ethnicity
Age
Explain etic and emic, what they are short for and give an example.
Etic (from phonetic) : Looking at something from the outside and making descriptive observations about it.
Emic (from phonemic) : Insider’s view – someone who speaks a language, plies a trade, participates in a sport, has political views, practices a religion, etc.