Phonological Processes
[dag] to [gag] is an example of
Backing
How do infants segment words?
By using prosodic cues, phonotactics, and statistical learning
A child begins putting words together at what age?
18-24 months
What is the first morphological structure leanred?
-ing (present progressive)
Lying while having a conversation is an example of poor?
Quality
Weak syllable deletion is when you
remove the unvoiced/unstressed syllable of the word
What is the prototype theory?
Theory about categorization where people categorize items/concepts based on a prototype (ideal representations)
The formula for the MLU is?
Number of morphemes in an utterance divided by number of utterances
What is the last morphological structure learned
Contractible auxiliary
Successful quantity means?
Providing the appropriate amount of information (not over or under sharing)
Phonological Processes are normal and not a concern unless?
They continue to occur beyond the time they should go away.
What is whole object bias?
Children assume new words refer to an entire object and not the individual parts
Copulas are verbs that join a subject to a subject complement while auxiliary verbs are?
helping verbs, help the main verb of the clause
Stage 3 has an MLU score ranging from?
2.5 to 3
Name the 4 Gricean Maxims for effective Conversation
Quality, Quantity, Manner, Relevance
At what age should a child be fully intelligible
Age 4
Children have a bias to what kind of grammatical class?
Nouns
What, where, who questions are easier than how, when, why questions because?
What/where/who questions are easier to understand and answer
When is MLU not a good measure?
beyond a score of 4 (longer sentences) and highlu inflecting languages
Communicative context is?
Information needed to have a conversation (What culture/environment are you in, what was the previous conversation about, what is the current topic of the conversation)
Why don't we have a percent vowel correct
Because vowels are easier to pronounce than consonants and are typically the first sounds we can say, no reason to measure
What is the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis?
Language shapes the speakers world view/cognition
Passives for psychological verbs are acquired roughly at what age
7, can be 9
The larger the MLU score...
The more grammatically complex a child's language is
What is the difference between discourse knowledge and sociolinguistic knowledge?
Discourse knowledge: Knowledge of how a conversation works, how to tell a story
Sociolinguistic knowledge: Knowledge of how to use social variables, what words you use, how you speak