Reading Foundations
This type of writing system allows any word to be written using a small set of symbols.
alphabetic writing system
This system deals with the sounds of language
phonology
Reading comprehension is best described as this type of thing
a process
This model shows writing as multiple strands similar to reading
Writing Rope
Fluency includes accuracy, rate, and this expressive element
prosody
This model states that reading comprehension = word recognition × language comprehension
Simple View of Reading
This system governs word order in sentences
syntax
The goal of reading comprehension instruction is to build this
a mental model of the text
These skills include handwriting and spelling
transcription
Students should read at least this percent accurately for comprehension
95%
This famous model represents reading as a rope made of multiple strands
Scarborough’s Reading Rope
This system focuses on meaning of words and phrases
semantics
This process involves using clues from the text and prior knowledge to figure out ideas not directly stated
making inferences
This teaching method follows “I do, we do, you do”
gradual release or explicit instruction
Fluency is described as the bridge between these two things
word recognition and comprehension
According to research, reading is difficult because it is this type of skill
not natural
This system studies meaningful parts of words like roots and affixes
morphology
This memory system holds and processes information while reading
working memory
This teaching method follows “I do, we do, you do”
mentor texts
This strategy involves reading the same text multiple times
repeated reading
This process matches letters and sounds to store words for fast recognition.
orthographic mapping
This system involves communication beyond a single sentence
discourse
This part of comprehension involves the literal words on the page (who/what/when/where)
surface code
This cognitive system helps with planning, attention, and self-regulation in writing
executive functions
This reading method has students read together at the same time
choral reading