SLP 391 Final Review

Key Terms

100

Are sounds are stored in our _____ and we find a word within it through _____

Mental Lexicon ; lexical access 

200

Define morphology and morphemes. 

Morphology is the study of morphemes and word structure 

Morphemes are the smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning 

300

Explain the difference between broad and narrow transcription. 

Broad transcription is when we transcribe using phonemes whereas narrow transcription are transcribed using allophones and diacritics 

400

State the difference between a monophthong and a diphthong

Monophthong is a pure vowel whereas a diphthong is a vowel produced with gradually changing quality 

500

What is the difference between a phonemic diphthong and a non-phonemic diphthong? How many of each?

Phonemic diphthongs do not have a pure vowel that can be exchanged as an allophone. (3)

Non-phonemic diphthongs have a pure vowel counterpart that can be used as an allophone (2)

Ph - Terms

100

The study rules of a sound system in a language is ______

Phonology 

200

Sounds that are distinctive are _____ whereas sounds that are not are _____

Phonemes ; allophones 

300

____ is the study of speech sounds both perception and production. 

Phonetics

400

Explain the difference between phonetic and phonotactic inventories

Phonetic inventory is the sounds the child can produce 

Phonotactic inventory is the syllable shape they are producing (e.g., CV, CVC)

500

Define Phonological Processes

a systematic rule that the child overlays onto their phonological system that simplifies speech.  

Production

100

What are the phases of speech production and where does it take place?

Respiration (Respiratory system), phonation (Laryngeal system), and articulation (Supralaryngeal vocal tract)

200

Air flow from lungs provides _____ source for speech production and vocal fold vibration provides ____ source for speech. 

The pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity are _______ _____ to shape the sound. 

Power ; sound ; resonating cavities 

300

List 2 active and 2 passive articulators. 

Active: tongue, lips, velum(soft palate), jaw, vocal folds

Passive: teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate

400

The sonority principle states a syllable should _____ in sonority to a _____ and then ____. 

rise

peak

falls

500

Which word does not have a coda in the last syllable?

tree
tape
lamp
burner

tree 

burner

Vowel / Consonants

100

State the 4 parameters of a vowel 

high, mid, low

front, central, back 

tense, lax

round, unrounded

200

Define cognate pairs 

Sounds that only differ in voicing 

300

An SLP would use diacritics to document _____ differences or _______. 

speech 

distortions

400

For central vowels, in stressed syllables use _____ and use _____ in unstressed syllables. 

/ɝ/ /ʌ/ 

/ə/ /ɚ/

500

Nasal, stop, glides are acquired ______

Fricative and affricate are acquired _____

Consonant clusters are acquired _______

Most sounds and clusters are acquired by 

Early

Late

Late

7 or 8 years old

Extra

100

T/F: The Velopharyngeal port closes during nasal sounds. 

False. The velopharyngeal port is open for nasal sounds to happen. A lowered velum allows for air to resonate in the nasal cavity. 

200

T/F: Children identify individual sounds before words.

False: Children focus on words/syllable shapes before sounds. 

300

What phrase is this? 

/faɪnəlz wik/

finals week

400

How do these words differ:

three & tree

place , manner

500

Most phonological processes are gone by ___ with the exception of _____. 

Intelligibility is good and basic articulatory mastery is complete by age ____. 

age 3 with the exception of cluster reduction 

5 years old