Miscellaneous
Roubi- What is an organelle?
A structure within a cell that has a specialized function. It acts like an organ for cells.
Janae- Where are proteins assembled in the cell?
The ribosome.
Janae- What is homeostasis?
A state of equilibrium within an organism.
Lexi- All living things are composed of cells. True or false?
True.
Lexi- How many cells does the human body have?
37 trillion.
Ayaka- Lysosomes help clean up waste in the cell, and can trigger apoptosis, which means …
Apoptosis
Janae- What is the Golgi apparatus?
An organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Christian- What happens when negative feedback mechanisms fail to function properly?
The organism may perish or obtain a chronic condition that negatively affects their health.
Ayaka- Plant cells generally work best in a ___________ environment because their cell wall usually prevents them from bursting. (Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic.)
Hypotonic
Kavalpreet- Do Animal Cells have a Cell Wall? How does the presence of a cell wall in plant cells affect their structure?
No, animal cells do not have a cell wall. The cell wall in plant cells provides support, protection, and rigidity, allowing plants to maintain a fixed shape.
Ayaka- Name one macromolecule and the monomer that it is made up of.
Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides.
Proteins are made of monomers called amino acids.
Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides.
Lipids can have many different monomers. (Not one monomer for all lipids)
Janae- What is the name of the gel-like fluid where organelles are found?
Cytosol.
(Cytoplasm is the general area outside of the nucleus, but also can be accepted).
Christian- Is the regulation of blood sugar a positive or negative feedback loop?
Negative feedback loop. It attempts to restore blood sugar levels back to normal.
Lexi- Who discovered cells?
Robert Hooke.
Roubi- Why do eukaryotes possess many more organelles than prokaryotes do?
The membrane-bound compartments allow a higher level of complexity and specialization within the cell. Eukaryotes also evolved from prokaryotes.
Kavalpreet- How do the size and function of vacuoles in plant cells compare to those in animal cells?
Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste. Animal cells have smaller vacuoles that often serve different storage purposes.
Roubi- What does the chloroplast do?
They perform photosynthesis and contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. It captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy.
Ayaka- Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
A cutting of a plant is used to make a clone of that plant, therefore increasing the number of plants.
A banana ripens and releases a certain chemical that causes other fruits to ripen, therefore causing the release of even more of that chemical.
The pancreas releases insulin to control the amount of glucose in the blood.
A plant cell’s chloroplasts help it perform photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
A banana ripens and releases a certain chemical that causes other fruits to ripen, therefore causing the release of even more of that chemical.
Anyone- Who was the first person to witness living cells under a microscope?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Ayaka- What is a the difference between the way DNA is stored in a Prokaryotic cell and the way DNA is stored in a Eukaryotic cell?
In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is stored in a nucleoid region. In a eukaryotic cell, it is stored in a membrane bound nucleus.
Ayaka- What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to transport molecules too large to pass through the cell membrane. This type of cell transport does not require energy from the cell because it moves molecules along the concentration gradient. Active transport is a form of cell transport that requires energy from the cell to transport molecules against the concentration gradient.
Roubi- What is special about the mitochondria?
Helps generate ATP power within the cell so organisms can have energy. It contains its own DNA sequence and can multiply without the cell's permission.
Ayaka- A person is exposed to a hot environment. In response to the rise in body temperature, the person’s blood vessels dilate, and their sweat glands release sweat, lowering the person’s body temperature. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop?
It is a negative feedback loop. The person’s sweat helps to cool them down, which then is supposed to reduce the body’s reaction to the heat.
Lexi- According to endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts and mitochondria were once prokaryotes that were absorbed by a eukaryote. If you took them out of the cell, could mitochondria and chloroplasts function independently? Why?
No because they have a very close symbiotic relationship. They cannot live or function without the host cell and the host cell cannot survive without them.
Lexi- What is an amoeba classified as? Is it unicellular or multicellular? Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
It is a unicellular eukaryotic organism.