Animals
In this fish group, males become pregnant and give birth after females deposit their eggs in a brood pouch.
What are seahorses (or sea dragons)?
Arnold Schoenberg devised this compositional method in which all 12 chromatic notes must be sounded before any note can be repeated.
What is the twelve-tone technique (serialism)?
This non-enzymatic browning reaction occurs when amino acids and reducing sugars are heated, producing brown pigments and complex flavors in roasted or fried foods.
What is the Maillard reaction?
Covering most of North Africa, this is the world’s largest hot desert and is almost as large as the continental United States.
What is the Sahara Desert?
Evaluate the definite integral from 1 to e of 1 over x with respect to x.
What is 1?
These nocturnal primates are the only venomous primates, using a specialized saliva to deliver venom.
What are slow lorises (or pygmy lorises)?
In equal temperament, each octave is divided into 12 equal semitones. The ratio of frequencies between successive semitones is the 12th root of this number.
What is 2?
The Maillard reaction requires proteins to react with simple sugars called these — sugars capable of acting as reducing agents.
What are reducing sugars?
Despite being covered in ice, this continent is the world's largest desert due to its minimal precipitation.
What is Antarctica?
Calculate the cross product of the vectors (2, 3, 4) and (5, 6, 7).
What is (-3, 6, -3)?
An octopus has this unusual number of hearts; two pump blood to the gills and one pumps it around the body.
What is three?
Beethoven replaced the original final movement of his String Quartet No. 13 (Op. 130) and later published that movement under this separate opus number.
What is Opus 133?
In 1908, Japanese scientist Dr. Kikunae Ikeda identified this fifth basic taste after isolating glutamate crystals from kombu dashi.
What is umami?
This North Atlantic sea is unique because it has no land boundaries and is defined only by surrounding currents.
What is the Sargasso Sea?
State Euler's famous identity that links the constants e, i, π, 1, and 0.
What is e^(i\pi) + 1 = 0?
Killer whales have been seen flipping great white sharks upside down to trigger this state of temporary paralysis before eating the shark's liver.
What is tonic immobility?
In African polyrhythmic music, this term introduced by musicologist Arthur Morris Jones describes the layering of conflicting rhythms, such as the fundamental 3‑3 cross-beat (3:2) used in sub‑Saharan drumming.
What is cross-rhythm or cross-beat?
After isolating glutamate crystals from kombu dashi in 1908, Dr. Kikunae Ikeda discovered that this savory taste could be mass‑produced by combining glutamate with sodium to form what seasoning compound?
What is monosodium glutamate, or MSG?
This South Atlantic archipelago is considered the world's most remote inhabited island, lying over 2,700 km from South Africa and more than 3,700 km from South America.
What is Tristan da Cunha?
Euler’s totient function \phi(n) counts the positive integers less than or equal to n that are relatively prime to n. According to this definition, determine \phi(9).
What is 6?
Native to the Mediterranean Sea, the jellyfish *Turritopsis dohrnii* is nicknamed "immortal" because when injured, starved or otherwise stressed, it can revert to this earlier life stage and restart its life cycle.
What is the polyp stage (its juvenile polyp form)?
In his musical signature "DSCH," composer Dmitri Shostakovich used the German note spellings of the letters D‑S‑C‑H to represent his name. Identify the four notes encoded in this motif.
What are D, E‑flat, C, and B natural?
Nattō, the sticky Japanese dish made from fermented soybeans, relies on fermentation by a particular bacterium in the genus *Bacillus*. Name this bacterium, a variant of *Bacillus subtilis* used to make nattō.
What is *Bacillus subtilis* var. natto?
Because Earth bulges at the equator, the summit of this Ecuadorian volcano is the farthest point on Earth's surface from the planet's center—over 2,000 m farther from the center than Mount Everest's peak.
What is Mount Chimborazo?
If events A and B occur independently with probabilities P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.3, what is the probability that both A and B occur?
What is 0.15?