Traditional Lecture, Socratic Method and PSI Format (Fill-in-the-blank)
Targeted course for research
Evaluation of Three Instructional Methods
Subjects and Procedures
Results and Discussion
100
Compared to traditional lectures, students invariably report learning ______ from PSI.
What is more?
100
The authors purposefully selected this type of college course to investigate the effects of traditional lectures, the Socratic method, and the PSI format.
What is sociology?
100
By allowing some students to do this if they scored under 90% on exams, the researchers could make testing procedures for traditional lecture and Socratic methods similar to PSI.
What is retake it?
100
Comparisons of student’s overall GPAs, their major GPAs and Missouri standardized IQ scores showed that the students in the five groups were this to one another when the study began.
What is comparable?
100
Although researchers controlled for multiple testing effects, students repeatedly ranked this instructional approach over the other formats on measures including an overall rating, how informative it was, and if they would recommend it to a friend.
What is the PSI format?
200
Differences between test scores of PSI students and those of the two other methods may be significant because PSI teaches learners skills through ___________.
What is mastery?
200
Research shows that students drop out of sociology courses at rates ranging between these percentages.
What is 25-35%?
200
In the second year of the study, students received instruction under this teaching approach, which followed a dialogue versus a monologue approach.
What is the Socratic method?
200
This was the major of all of the students participating in this study.
What is sociology?
200
At 34%, this instructional method had the highest dropout rate of students during the study.
What is the traditional lecture without multiple testing?
300
The Socratic teaching approach is likely to produce better student outcomes because, compared to a traditional lecture format, the instructor views the learner as ________, rather than one that receives learning passively.
What is active?
300
Compared to average, this is how students rank sociology courses against other courses and how they rank the instructors teaching the classes, compared to other courses those instructors teach.
What is lower?
300
With the Socratic method, instructors use student’s responses to 1) determine their comprehension of materials, and 2) to restructure questions to lead students to this.
What is the correct answer?
300
Smith’s study controlled for this, which is likely the most significant confounding variable related to PSI methods, and has yet received little serious attention in evaluations of PSI.
What is a multiple testing effect?
300
This percentage of students ranked PSI as worse than a traditional lecture format.
What is 0%?
400
Although these require serious attention in experimental designs, controlling for confounding variables relevant to PSI format is _________ for researchers.
What is difficult?
400
This variable in sociology courses has little to no effect on student interest and number of complaints about the difficulty level of the materials for students.
What is the instructor?
400
In the third year, researchers controlled for procrastination and dropout by requiring students to take the first unit test within this amount of time after class started.
What is two weeks?
400
The number of participants in each of the five groups included in this study ranged between these numbers.
What is 34-36?
400
Students under these two instructional methods had the highest mean scores on final exams, at 85.4% and 84.8%, respectively.
What are PSI and the Socratic method with multiple testing?
500
Aside from _____ schools and some philosophy courses, the oldest recorded teaching method, the Socratic method, no longer receives a significant amount of use in higher education.
What is law?
500
This is a commonly used type of instruction in sociology courses.
What is the traditional lecture format?
500
As is common in courses taught with a PSI method, students were not penalized for poor scores on examinations; instead, they could retake an examination repeatedly until achieving this.
What is a near-perfect score?
500
Researchers separated students in these two instructional methods into two groups; one group could not retake an examination after scoring under 90%, but the other group had that option.
What are the traditional lecture and Socratic methods?
500
Both of these two kinds of measures showed that on all but two of the measures, students ranked instructional methods with multiple testing higher than those without it.