Good
The increased influence of the media and single-issue interest groups in the electoral process has contributed to ________.
a rise in candidate-centered elections
What type of election removed California's former Governor, Gray Davis, from office in 2003?
recall
The authority to resolve conflicts among the states is constitutionally vested in the _________.
Supreme Court
When faced with conflicting laws, federal law retains authority over the states because of the _________.
National Supremacy Clause
Which of the following has become the most noted focus of controversy for partisan elections?
voter ID
Over time, initiative campaigns have become ________.
more sophisticated and more costly
If the power of the national government is dependent upon local units of government for authority, the system is said to be a _________.
.confederation
Those who immigrate legally to the United States for fear of persecution in their home country are called ________.
political refugees
According to Gallup polls, which of the following states is the most conservative?
Wyoming
Which subgroup of Hispanics is mostly Republican in its political orientation?
Cuban Americans
An "effects" test invalidates laws or practices that ________.
adversely affect racial minorities regardless of original intent
Constitutional reformers argue that policy matters should not be part of the constitution for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.
policy issues are not detailed enough in the constitution
Which of the following applies to Puerto Ricans residing on the island?
no federal income taxes
Situations, where a voter casts his or her vote for a Democrat in one race and a Republican in another, is called ________.
split-ticket voting
What is the average tenure of a state party chairperson?
less than three years
Which of the following constitutional clauses gives Congress the power to make laws deemed "necessary and proper" for carrying out its specific powers?
Implied Powers Clause
A voter who seeks to maximize personal benefits and minimize costs is viewed as a(n) ________.
rational voter
Party identification has been declining because ________.
more people are not self-identifying with either political party
The U.S. Constitution imposes all of the following obligations on the national government in its relations with the states EXCEPT _________.
equal representation in both houses of Congress
The largest ethnic minority group in the United States is ________.
Hispanic Americans
The Supreme Court upheld the constitutional right to use one's own personal funds in that individual's campaign with the decision ________.
.Buckley v. Valeo
Which of the following is NOT true regarding campaign expenditure in state elections?
Challengers have a strong advantage over incumbent officeholders in soliciting and receiving campaign contributions.
In which case did the Supreme Court interpret the Fourteenth Amendment and rule that voting and vote counting are entitled to Equal Protection and Due Process?
Bush v. Gore
________ campaigning focuses on direct contact with potential voters, whereas ________ campaigning focuses on advertising.
Grassroots, media
According to the 1996 welfare reform legislation, under which of the following conditions could a state be penalized?
when states reduce their spending for cash aid below 75 percent