cough cough
What is the criteria for a chronic cough in children vs adults.
What is a daily cough >4 weeks in children and daily cough>8 weeks in adults?
What bacterium is the most common cause of CAP in adults presenting with cough and fever.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
an 18 year old presents with sudden onset SOB. He has developed left sided-chest pain and appear anxious. Vitals: RR 24, SpO2 96, HR 110, BP 140/70 afebrile. No recent history of travel or surgery. What is your provisional?
What is a spontaneous pneumothorax.
Which thoracic vertebral level doe the trachea bifurcate into the main bronchi.
What is levels T4/T5.
What Wells score is considered a high risk for PE.
What is >4?
Perform D-dimer if elevated CTPA, if greater than 6 CTPA
You see a patient who is a 6 year old boy with a 5 week history of a dry cough daily. Your next steps after you examine the patient are to? (There are 3 things)
What is CXR, spirometry and address parental concerns and exacerbating factors?
A 9 year old presents with paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop and post-tussive vomiting, what bacterium would you be suspicious of?
What is Bordetella pertussis?
What is the most appropriate immediate management for a tension pneumothorax?
What is a needle decompression.
Why is it more likely to to aspirate in the right lung then the left.
What is the right bronchus is wider and more vertical?
What ECG pattern would you see with pericarditis?
What is diffuse ST elevation with PR-segment depression?
All leads excepts aVR and V1
A mother presents with a male toddler aged. 2.5 years who has a chronic wet cough (7 weeks) and parent-reported wheeze.He is well grown, afebrile and has a normal CXR. What is the most likely diagnosis.
What is protracted bacterial bronchitis.
Tx is 2-4 weeks of antibiotics with follow up in clinic. Amox + clavulanate
What bacterium am I? Advanced HIV, chronic cough, interstitial infiltrates, TB-negative sputum culture?
What is Pneumocystis jirovecii?
A 28 year old man with known severe asthma present with increasing wheeze, SOB over the last 4 hours. Despite 6 puffs of salbutamol, he remains dyspnoeic, His Vitals signs: RR 28, SpO2 91%,
HR 125 BP 140/90 and Temp 37.1, with a GCS of 13.
What about this presentation make a referral to the ICU necessary and why?
What is decrease GCS due to hypercapnia?
A stab wound 2 cm lateral to the left sternal border at the 4th intercostal space is most likely to injure which chamber of the heart.
What is the right ventricle?
What is the gold standard test for identifying CAD-angina.
What is angiography- invasive or CT?
A 52 F presents with persistent dry cough >12 weeks. It is frequent, irritating, worse at night and triggered by talking or exposure to cold air. No fever, weight loss, haemoptysis or dyspnoea. Hx well controlled GORD and takes ramipril for blood pressure. Lung exam normal, CXR normal, spirometry normal no obstructions or restrictions. What is your next step?
What is trial change of BP medication away from ACE-inhibitor and see if cough resolves.
What bacterium am I, chronic productive cough, oxidase-positive, non-lactose fermenting gram neg rod in CF patient?
what is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
A 24 year old man presents to the ED with sudden onset wheeze, hypotension (75/40), urticaria, and swelling of the lips after eating peanuts. He has no known allergies. You administer 0.5 mg adrenaline IM in the lateral thigh. Ten minutes later, he remains hypotensive and has persistent respiratory distress. What is the most appropriate next step.
What is give a second dose of IM adrenaline.
During a mediastinoscopy, the surgeon must avoid damaging this branch of the vagus nerve which liips under the arch of the aorta.
What is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?
What adjunct therapies can be added to the management of pericarditis on top of 0.5mg BD colchicine? (hint their are 3)
What is ibuprofen, PPI, and exercise restriction for 3 months.
When you are presented with a child who has a history of dry cough, contact history, and paroxysms cough in the unvaccinated you need to think of what?
What is pertussis?
What bacterium am I? Chronic cough in a common suspected nontuberculous mycobacteria species.
What is Mycobacterium avium complex, or mycobacterium kansasii.
a known COPD presents to hospital with acute SOB over the past 24 hours, Vitals initially are RR42, GR, 115, BP 135/78 temp37.3 SpO2 78% ra. Exam shows increase WOB and scattered wheeze with reduced breath sounds. ABD shows pH 7.28, pCO2 65mmHg no consolidation on imaging. 30 min after initial acute management SpOs 86% 2L, rr 36, ABG pH7.21, pCO2 75 mmhg. What is the most appropriate next step of management.
What is to commence non-invasive ventilation with close monitoring?
Thiss narrow anatomical space, bordered anteriorly by the manubrium, posteriorly by the four thoracic vertebrae and laterally by the first pair of ribs, is a major conduit for neurovascular structures passing between the neck and thorax.
What is the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?
What are the 3 gastro causes for chest pain that are considered a do not miss.
What is oesophageal rupture, perforated peptic ulcer, and oesophageal spasm/impaction?