Foundations of Sociology
The scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies is called this.
Sociology
The values, norms, and material goods that characterize a group are called this.
Culture
The process by which individuals learn societal norms and values is called this.
Socialization
This theorist developed the concept of "dramaturgy" to explain social interactions.
Erving Goffman
The type of interaction where two people acknowledge each other but do not fully engage.
Civil Inattention
The ability to connect personal experiences to larger social structures is known as this.
Sociological Imagination
Judging another culture by the standards of one's own is known as this.
Ethnocentrism
George Herbert Mead’s term for the moral values of a society that individuals internalize.
Generalized Other
Max Weber argued that these factors, along with economics, shape social change.
Ideas and Values
The ability to act, think, and make choices independently is known as this.
Agency
The economic, political, and social interconnectedness of individuals throughout the world is known as this
Globalization
The practice of adopting cultural elements from another group, often without understanding their significance, is called this.
Cultural Appropriation
Groups or social contexts within which processes of socialization take place
Agents of Socialization
TRIPLE POINTS! What three theorists are considered to be the foundational thinkers that contributed to major sociological developments.
Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber
Name one of the three reasons we study social interaction in sociology.
Ordinary routines matter – They provide structure to our daily lives, shaping how we interact and function in society.
Creativity in social life – Even within social norms, people exercise agency, making choices that shape reality while navigating structural constraints.
Connecting small and large-scale social patterns – By studying everyday interactions, we gain insight into broader social systems and institutions. A key example is civil inattention, which helps maintain order in public life.
When social structure limits individuals' opportunities, Émile Durkheim called it this.
Social Constraint
Marriage is found in all societies, but its norms differ. This makes it an example of this concept.
Cultural Universal
DOUBLE POINTS! According to Charles Horton Cooley, people see themselves reflected in how others perceive them. This is called what?
Looking-glass self
This pioneering female sociologist believed sociology should not only observe but also improve society.
Harriet Martineau
True or False: A growing number of sociologists have argued that nonhumans may not be legitimate participants in social interaction.
False
The four types of sociological questions are known as what?
Empirical, Comparative, Developmental, Theoretical
What is the difference between material and nonmaterial culture and give an example of each.
Material culture are physical objects that influence a society's livelihood, while nonmaterial culture is nonphysical components of culture (values, norms, symbols, language, speech and writing)
Explain the difference between social-identity and self-identity.
Social identity is the characteristics that other people attribute to an individual, while self-identity is ongoing process of self-development and definition of our personal identity through which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around us
The identity struggle felt by African Americans in a society that only lets them see themselves through the eyes of others is known as what? Who is the theorist responsible for this?
Double Consciousness; W.E.B. Du Bois
The deliberate subversion of the tacit rules of conversation is known as this. Give an example.
Interactional Vandalism; possible examples include: Catcalling, Overly Persistent Street Vendors, Ignoring Polite Social Boundaries, Internet Trolls, Refusing to Follow Civil Inattention