Theories
What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?
Functionalism
Prejudice or discrimination based on age is called
ageism
The process of perpetuating values, norms, and social practices through socialization, which leads to structural continuity over time, is called ____ by sociologists.
Social reproduction
Your best friend lives with her mother and father, her two sisters, and her grandmother and aunt, all in the same household. A sociologist would refer to this as a(n) ____ family.
Extended
According to Blackstone’s (2014) piece “childless…or childfree?”, what is the difference between being childless versus childfree?
Childfree individuals are voluntarily childless (people are making a conscious choice to opt out of parenthood), whereas childless individuals want children but did not successfully have them because of barriers.
Demographers refer to the historical shift from high birthrates and death rates in pre-industrial countries to low birthrates and death rates in industrialized countries as
The demographic transition
Racial/ethnic group with the highest rate of maternal mortality...
Black women are three times more likely to die from a pregnancy-related cause than White women.
Since 2021, what accounts for the majority of the nation’s growth?
Net international migration
A student in a sociology class plans to study how divorce affects families of procreation. Which grouping would she recruit as participants for her interviews?
Two parents and the children they are raising
What is the overall trend in U.S. 12th graders’ marriage expectations?
Decreasing - particularly among women
Give an example of a macro-level system.
Any institutions: healthcare, housing, job market,
Sexual identity group with the highest levels of depression and anxiety...
Bisexual individuals
Where are the largest number of immigrants in the United States?
Metropolitan areas
Sociologist Annette Lareau observed a few more than 10 families, then argued that children of middle-class parents tend to have a sense of entitlement, whereas children living in lower-class families tend to have a sense of constraint. She attributes different child-rearing practices to differences in
social class.
Lower educated individuals tend to have more children than higher educated individuals.
Which approach to studying families and family life emphasizes the contextual, subjective, and even ephemeral nature of family interactions, power relations, and interpersonal communication?
symbolic interactionist approaches
The proportion of older adults living in poverty would jump to almost 19 percent if ____ were taken into account when calculating indicators of poverty.
Health care costs
What is an example of a negative sanction to learn gender roles?
What happened the median age at first birth and the median age at first marriage over time?
They switched. The median age at first birth is now lower than the median age at first marriage.
Silva (2014) links delays in the transition to adulthood to...
Economic uncertainty / job instability
A person believes inequality is due only to individual effort, ignoring structural factors. This reflects:
Lack of sociological imagination / false consciousness
The gender gap in life expectancy between females and males increased during the twentieth century because...
the major causes of death changed to those influenced by behavior, and women tend to engage in fewer life-shortening behaviors than men.
A country with low birth rates and high life expectancy faces strain on pensions. This reflects:
Population aging / High dependency ratio
Contemporary researchers now largely agree that differences between U.S.-born Black and White family structures are mainly due to...
differences in socioeconomic status.
What is the proportion of minor children NOT living with their two biological parents?
40%