Culture (1)
This is the entire way of life of a group of people.
Culture
A group requires at least this many people.
2
A three-person group
triad
For sociologists deviance is a behavior, trait, belief, or characteristic that meets these two criteria.
violates a norm and causes a negative reaction
This is a process by which an individual self-identifies as deviant and initiates their own labelling process (e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous).
deviance avowal
Ethnocentrism uses this as a standard for judging other cultures.
One’s own culture
Research suggests that human beings are connected by this many degrees of separation.
6
In this type of conformity, an individual goes along with something because you expect to gain rewards or avoid punishments.
compliance
This theory maintains that we learn deviance through interactions with others who break the rules.
Differential Association Theory
This age group is the most likely to commit crimes.
the young
The objects associated with a cultural group, such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork.
Material culture
According to Hoffmen and Torres, women are more successful in their job searches if they have more of these in their network.
men
Sharing demographic traits and values, attraction to the group as a whole, and cooperation to reach a goal all increase this.
group cohesion
Jack Katz emphasizes that some people engage in deviance because of this.
thrill/emotional attraction
This is a physical or social attribute the devalues a person or group’s identity and may exclude them from normal social interaction.
stigma
These are signs made with the body.
gestures
Term used by sociologists for people who share one or more attributes but who lack a sense of common identity and belonging.
category
This experiment demonstrated that the majority of test subjects were willing to obey questionable orders from authority figures.
Milgram experiment
In Structural Strain theory, these individuals (e.g. hermits) renounce society’s approved goals and means entirely and live outside conventional norms altogether.
retreatists
Disproportionate targeting by police and class variables (coming from lower income communities) help to explain their over-representation among arrestees.
African-Americans
This refers to the idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
In this type of group, relationships are usually organized around a specific goal and are often temporary.
Secondary
A ceremony marking an individual’s transformation from one type of group member to another.
rite of passage
Labelling Theory maintains that deviance is a consequence of these.
external judgements
This concept emphasizes that class, age, gender, and race affect people together.
intersectionality