Statistics
Levels of Measurement
Validity and Reliability
The Research Process
Lab Procedures
100

The square root of the variance.

What is the standard deviation?

100

For this level of measurement, attributes can be rank-ordered, but the distance between attributes cannot be determined.

What is ordinal?

100

This concept refers to whether we are actually measuring what we intend to measure.

What is validity?

100

A testable statement about empirical reality involving a relationship between two or more variables.

What is a hypothesis?

100

The number of lab sessions you can miss without penalty.

What is two?

200

Mean, median, and mode are examples of these types of measures.

What are measures of central tendency?

200

For this level of measurement, we can specify the distance between two attributes, but there is no absolute zero.

What is interval?

200

This concept refers to the consistency of a measure.

What is reliability?

200

A group of people selected from a larger population for a study is also known as this.

What is a sample?

200

In addition to attendance, you are also evaluated based upon this.

What is participation?

300

This statistic tells us how much variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable(s).

What is R2?

300

This level of measurement has an absolute zero.

What is ratio?

300

This type of validity deals with generalizability.

What is external (validity)?

300

This type of relationship occurs when one variable increases as another increases.

What is positive?

300

You may not receive attendance credit if you are excessively this.

What is late?

400

This statistic tells us how much the dependent variable changes per a unit increase in the independent variable, holding other variables constant.

What is the regression coefficient?

400

Responses for questions with this level of measurement cannot be ordered in any meaningful way.

What is nominal?

400

Criterion, construct, and ________.

What is content? (Types of validity)

400

This type of research (or logic) begins with observations and then, after analyzing the data, attempts to develop a theory.

What is inductive?

400

Lab is not a replacement for this.

What is lecture? (Or reading)

500

This measure of association summarizes the strength and direction of a bivariate relationship.

What is R?

500

A question with possible responses of “male” or “female” is an example of this.

What is a dichotomous variable? (Nominal is also acceptable)

500

This research method, known for its high internal validity, uses random assignment.

What are experiments?

500

The “who” or “what” from which the data in a study is collected from.

What is a unit of analysis?

500

This is the best time to meet with your TA outside of class time.

What are office hours?