Week 2+3
What is the definition of race and ethnicity?
Race: Refers to a groups of people who share physical and cultural traits
Ethnicity: a group identity based on notions of similar and shared history, culture, and kinship
Who are the three theorist we talk about that Du Bois extended research on?
Marx, Foucault, and Engel
What is a welfare queen?
A controlling image of black women incited by Reagan in his campaigning to attack the welfare system. It depicts black women as unproductive members of society who exploit federal aid to subsist without contributing.
health inequities
disparities in health determinants or outcomes due to unjust and systemic inequalities in social economic, environmental, or health care
Serena Williams's story is an example of what?
'substandard' medical treatment due to implicit or explicit racial bias or discrimination
Feeding into the idea that black people do not feel pain the same way others do. An example of black individuals not having ownership of their own body
What is the scientific evolution of race?
It was the belief that race can be determined and separated by science. That although humans came from monkeys, the Caucasian race progressed faster than people of color
Whats the connection between citizenship, race, and laws?
Definition- process of bringing race into the topic that isn't necessary
Connection- immigration laws can impact racial groups— even when the law does not mention race— through immigration and the process of becoming a citizen. The question of citizenship is one of belonging and rights
Colorism? Mulattos?
Colorism: racial ideology which emphasizes a supposed superiority in lighter skin tone.
Mulattos: Mulatto is a racial classification to refer to people of mixed African and European ancestry. Its use is considered outdated and offensive in several languages,
Prison-Industrial Complex
refers to the vast network of prisons, jails, courts, police officers, and other elements that purport to reduce the amount of criminal activity in our society.
- relies on the production of criminals through repressive laws and policing of communities to fill the prisons.
What is Plessy v Ferguson? What is Brown v Board of Education?
Plessy: separate but equal, 1896, 1/8 black, couldn't sit in a white train car
Brown: deemed that things could not be separate but equal
What are the different ways researchers have understood race? Explain them
Social Construction: A separation that society created and then affirmed into society through the sociology of law
Policial construction: Based and created in policy/laws. It was written first into law and followed through into society by sociology of law
What cases were racialized citizenship laws?
Naturalization Law of 1790
Dred Scott Case (1857)
Wong Kim Ark (1898)
What are the 5 different races based on the US Census?
White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
What were the three different Civil Rights methods?
Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr, Black Panther Party
Who is Billie holiday?
Strange fruit singer
Who is Du Bois? Why are they important for understanding race?
He was the first sociologist/research to identify race as a factor in our social structure and societal makeup. He also created the idea of the color-line and the idea of the veil.
Who is Michelle Alexander? Why are they important?
A researcher; the creator and writer that came up with the idea of New Jim Crow.
New jim crow reflects the idea that the disproportionality mass incarceration is another way of creating limiting rights legally for black and brown people
Who came up with intersectionality? Who is the leading researcher in black feminism research?
Kimberly Crenshaw and Patricia Collins
Crimmigration?
The idea is that there is a connection between crime and immigration. it is the act of criminalizing immigrants simply because they are immigrants. Discriminated differently(ie citizenship is often questioned)
What is the war on drugs? who was the president?
Nixon: the criminalization of crack to disproportionately affect black and brown communities
What are the three different racism types definitions?
structural: inter-institutional interactions across time and space that reproduce racial inequality
institutional: practices within institutions that reinforce racial ideology and discrimination
systematic: accumulated acts of racism across history and throughout one's lifetime
What are the 4 different colorblind frames, including definitions?
Naturalization: Defining racialization as the outcome of human nature
Abstract Liberalism: Using the ideals of liberalism (especially its individualist-bent) to "explain racial matters" and oppose policy for equity
Minimalization of racism: The assertion that racism is gradually declining, and thus is not a real problem for the future
Cultural Racism: Denying racial essentialism outright, but blaming hierarchy instead on other races' internal
What is FHA and what did it contribute to?
FHA- Federal Housing Association: the loan that was offered to individuals for housing efforts, however, the loan had different interest rates depending on what you looked like and the area you desired to live
Contributed to redlining and residential segregation
Cartwright "Medical and Surgical Journal" [1851]
A medical journal that describes biological and physical differences in black people that explains their subjugation to slavery and the diseases that plague them.
What is Amber's research question for her thesis?
Knowing that guns are symbols of self-protection and grants individuals with the feeling of control and power, are Black Americans owning more or less guns during peeks of racial tensions, or increased racial conversations in the news, as a means of satisfying feeling a lack of safety, powerlessness, and/or feeling out of control (Buttrick 2020). Overall, is there a correlation between black gun ownership and increased racism present in the news.