Every unit in the population has a chance (non-zero) probability of being selected into the sample, and this chance can be determined and specified
What is probability sampling
100
The actual units selected for observation (e.g. employees at 1-2 local companies)
What is a sample
100
Attributes/values have no mathematical interpretation; they vary in kind or quality, but not amount (e.g. gender, race)
What is nominal level of measurement
100
Statements positing associations between constructs
What is a proposition
100
Degree to which measure(s) actually represent the underlying concept(s) they are intended to measure
What is validity
200
Each unit element/sampling unit has an equal non-zero probability of being selected into the sample
What is simple random sampling
200
Data that have been previously collected and tabulated by other sources
What is secondary data
200
A type of variable that has an infinite number of attributes/values
What is a continuous variable
200
Level at which we are interested in a phenomenon (e.g. individuals, groups, countries)
What is the unit of analysis
200
Degree to which measure(s) are consistent or dependable
What is reliability
300
Some units in the population do not have a chance (zero probability) of being selected into the sample, and/or this chance cannot be determined and specified
What is nonprobability sampling
300
The ethical principle that states, "individuals should be treated as autonomous agents".
What is respect for persons
300
Process of linking indicators of concepts to empirical measures (variables)
What is measurement
300
Statements positing association between variables
What is a hypothesis
300
Whether/how well item(s) seem to reasonably correspond to underlying concept(s) "on its face"
What is face validity
400
Non-random sample drawn from a part of the population that is close at hand; systematically excludes that part of the population that is not close at hand
What is convenience sampling
400
Individuals should be able to independently replicate (or not) the work of others
What is replicability
400
When all possible attributes/values are accounted for in a level of measurement
What is exhaustiveness
400
Abstract representation of a phenomenon/idea
What is a concept
400
Consistency between two (or more) items measured in the same test at one time point
What is inter-item reliability
500
Like convenience sampling, only that you let elements/sampling units lead you to other elements/sampling units
What is snowball sampling
500
A set of arbitrary categories constructed in order to organize and summarize phenomena
What is an ad-hoc classificatory system
500
Process of developing indicators for measuring concepts
What is operationalization
500
Level at which data on a phenomenon are observed/available
What is the unit of observation
500
Closeness of item(s) to similar item(s) that measure the same/similar underlying concept