Power and The State Structure
What is the One-Dimensional View of Power?
The dimension of power involves a visible conflict where one party is victorious over another
An example of this is one team winning a sporting event.
What is the population balancing equation?
Births, deaths, in-migration, and out-migration are the four processes that reflect in the equation used to explain population change over time
What are Political and Social Revolutions?
Political Revolution
Change of government or political regime brought about by social movements or popular protest
Social revolution
Change of regime, but also fundamental changes in a society’s economic institutions and class structure
What is Neoclassical Economic Theory?
This theory says individuals migrate because they weigh costs and benefits and move where they can earn more due to differences in labor supply and demand.
Penal Codes
Written laws that prohibit various acys and suggest the penalities that define crime
What is The State?
Defined as the totality of governing institutions such as the legal systen, mikitary and permanent bureaucracies
First Demographic Transition
This defining population change of the first demographic transition involves a decline in mortality, followed by a decline in fertility
"The ballot box is the coffin of revolution."
Jeff Goodwin has stated the idea that an election could bring change that disincentives revultionary action
New Economics of Migration
This theory says migration decisions are made by families or households working together to increase income and reduce risk.
What is white-collar crime?
Edwin H Sutherland article
crime that involves unethical business practices committed by people and receives less severe punishment than street crime
Electoral Rules/ High Cost of Election
This is a feature in democracy because elections are expensive, and politicians rely on wealthy donors for money, which gives those donors special influence.
This means that wealthy individuals are great for financial support and granting influential access for them
The Life Table
More males die per 100,000 than females in this specific early age range
Resource Mobilization is different from the Political Process how?
For resource mobilization, things such as money, organizational networks, and wealth are essential for generating and sustaining social movements.
The political process means movements grow when the government becomes less strict or conditions change in a way that makes it easier and safer for people to organize.
Segmented Labor Market Theory
This theory says migration happens because wealthy countries need workers, especially for low-wage jobs, creating a pull that drives immigration.
What is Crime Distortion Data
Edwin H. Sutherland argued that crime statistics are misleading because they exclude the illegal actions of this social class, making it seem as though crime is concentrated among the poor.
Three-Dimensional View of Power
These dimensions occur when the powerful actor persuades the weaker actor to adopt beliefs and views that serve the interests of the powerful
What is the Epidemiological Transition?
This is the shift in health conditions where a population moves from being infected by deadly infectious diseases to chronic diseases, which increases longer life expectancies
Prognostic Framing
Framing convinces the type of framing that explains the strategies, tactics, and targets a movement should use to fix the problem
Social Capital Theory
Stresses that migration networks provide people with social capital at a lower cost and risk of movement
Example: having family in the destination country who can help.
War on drugs/ Tough on crime
Double the number of people incarcerated for drug offenses
Tough on crime is the promotion of longer sentences and more punishment
What is the Structural Power of Business
The dependence of the government on the private sector requires politicians to prioritize business interests to ensure sufficient tax revenue and avoid negative economic impacts
This means goverment needs money to run — for schools, roads, healthcare, everything.
That money mostly comes from taxes, which depend on how well businesses are doing.
What is a population pyramid, and what does it tell? Surplus of males at younger ages and a surplus of females at older ages?
Population pyramids show more males at young ages because more boys are born, and more females at older ages because women tend to live longer.
Major symptoms of a revolutionary situation
A revolutionary situation happens when the
1. Elites are divided,
2. Ordinary people are suffering unusually
3. lower classes begin acting independently and taking matters into their own hands.
Cumulative causation
This concept says that each wave of migration changes communities in ways that make future migration more likely.
- each previous act of migration alters the social context
What is Rehabilitation?
This goal of punishment focuses on reforming offenders so they won’t commit more crimes