China
What are China's national interests?
Descriptions of Vladimir Putin as "defender," "imperialist," or "improviser" are alternative explanations for this annexation.
What is Crimea?
To ban lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), norm entrepreneurs, advocacy organizations, and IOs have been pursuing this form of international law.
What are treaties?
This is the argument that the U.S. should embrace, rather than ignore, Great Power Competition in the Arctic Circle.
What is the Polar Pivot?
These violent actors are characterized by diverse organizational structures, membership, tactics, and funding sources.
What are transnational criminal organizations (TCOs)?
This is the notion that a rising power like China cannot continue to amass power without challenging a current great power like the U.S.
What is the Thucydides Trap?
One argument for the 2014 annexation of Crimea suggests that Putin was threatened by the possible expansion of this international organization.
What is NATO?
It is hard to use these types of attacks for deterrence because they are not known for short-term kinetic damage, but rather, long-term disruptions.
What is cyber?
Countries with an outsized reliance on this sector are at particular risk of the consequences of climate change.
What is agriculture?
Distribution of vaccines by COVAX and the governments of the U.S., China, and Russia to other countries around the world is known as this.
What is vaccine diplomacy?
He is the current president of China, who has tightened his hold over the Chinese Communist Party and domestic politics.
Who is Xi Jinping?
He was the first president of the Russian Federation, 1991 - 1999.
Who is Boris Yeltsin?
Cyber operations are considered an act of war when they cause this.
What is damage equivalent to the use of force?
The Outer Space Treaty proclaims outer space to be this -- never weaponized and not for extraction?
What is a "res communis" (global commons)?
The opposite of "vaccine equity," this approach to vaccine distribution focuses on vaccinating one's own country first.
What is vaccine nationalism?
He was the 1940s Chinese leader who led the Communist Revolution and creation of the contemporary Chinese party-state.
Who is Mao Zedong?
Putin's trajectory includes experience in the St. Petersburg city government, military suppression of Chechnyan separatists, and foreign intelligence work for this former Soviet government organization.
What is the KGB?
This form of AI operates without human input or interaction.
This form of population movement would be an enormous threat to human security when applied to space.
What is involuntary migration?
Transporting humans, weapons, or drugs across national borders are examples of this way that TCOs threaten international security.
What is trafficking?
He was the 1970s Chinese leader who oversaw the country's "second revolution," focused on economic reforms and opening up China to the global economy.
Who is Deng Xiaoping?
This explanation for the 2014 annexation of Crimea suggests that Putin had not planned the invasion in advance.
What is improvisation?
This type of AI can operate on its own, but a human can override its actions.
What is human-on-the-loop?
The failure to consider ground-based antisatellite systems, define concepts, and blur distinction between offensive and defensive weapons are all problems that plague this.
What is outer space governance?
In addition to heavy reliance on agriculture and recent history of conflict, this factor makes certain countries at increased risk of the consequences of climate change.
What are discriminatory political institutions?