Governance/Neoliberalism
Which of the following is NOT an economic or political feature of neoliberalism?
a. Social welfare policy
b. Deregulation
c. Privatization
d. Reducing the role of government in citizen's lives
a. Social welfare policy
What was Charles Horton Cooley's main contribution to the field of micro sociology?
a. The looking glass self
b. Symbolic interactionism
c. Dramaturgy
d. Impression management
a. The looking glass self
Howard Becker's Becoming a Marihuana User illustrates which theory on crime and deviance?
a. Differential association theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Rational choice theory
d. Structural limits theory
a. Differential association theory
The clerk at Sam's Liquor Store respected the boys more after what event
a. Mike ran out of the store with a bag of chips
b. The boys reported a rival gang that stole liquor
c. Flaco started attending the same church as the manager of the store
d. Flaco started acting "hyphy”
a. Mike ran out of the store with a bag of chips
The ubiquitous criminalization of youth in an array of social institutions is what Rios defines as:
a. Criminalization
b. The youth control complex
c. Organic capital
d. Punitive punishment
According to Foucault, how does the modern nation-state distribute its power?
a. Decentralized through leaders
b. Centralized through leaders
c. Decentralized through social institutions
d. Centralized through social institutions
c. Decentralized through social institutions
What does Goffman's dramaturgical perspective help explain?
a. The formation of the self
b. The role of structural forces in defining social relationshipsc. The way meaning is constructed across generational divides
d. The way we understand the role of social institutions in guiding group behavior
a. The formation of the self
A college student decides to cheat on an exam. A rational choice theorist would say the student:
a. Thought the benefits outweighed the costs of cheating.
b. Had learned methods for cheating without getting caught by their friends.
c. Had received and internalized the message from their former teachers that they had poor study habits and were not able to perform well in school. Consequently, the student had adopted the "bad student" identity and had aligned their behavior with that label
d. Only thought about some of the repercussions of cheating.
a. Thought the benefits outweighed the costs of cheating
According to Rios, what are school zero-tolerance policies an example of?
a. How social problems are treated as problems of crime
b. How social problems can be solved with criminal justice techniques
c. How schools deal with victims of violence
d. How schools push young boys through the "prison pipeline"
b. How social problems can be solved with criminal justice techniques
What research methods does Rios utilize?
a. Critical criminology and urban ethnography
b. Participant observation and criminology
c. Suburban ethnography and critical observation
d. Urban criminology and critical ethnography
a. Critical criminology and urban ethnography
The Elf on the Shelf is a very popular children's toy during the Christmas season. The Elf on the Shelf perfectly embodies Foucault's _____________ and how modern forms of surveillance function to produce self-disciplining behavior.
a. Feudalism
b. Capitalism
c. Positivism
d. Panopticism
d. Panopticism
Which of the following is NOT true about symbolic interactions?
a. It is a sociological theory that started from the US
b. Herbert Blumer was the one who first coined the term
c. It believes meaning, organizations, and even social structures stem from such interaction between social actors
d. Symbolic interactionism cannot be used for topics like social movements or social class
d. Symbolic interactionism cannot be used for topics like social movements or social class
Which of the following statements about sociological theories on crime/deviance is NOT true?
a. Rational choice theory does not account for any structural opportunities in explaining crime
b. Differential association theory is in a way social learning theory of crime and focuses on the process by which individuals learn various facets of criminal behavior in group-level interactions
c. Labeling theory demonstrates how deviance is a social construct, and explain the lasting effects of labels deemed deviant on individuals
d. The application of labels as discussed in labeling theory is often stratified
a. Rational choice theory does not account for any structural opportunities in explaining crime
Which of the following best describe overpolicing-underpolicing paradox as shown in Punished?
a. Marginalized youth are hypercriminalized by law enforcement but their communities are underpoliced
b. Only certain gangs are policied
c. Those who attend school regularly are underpoliced
d. Youth in non-traditional families suffer higher policing
a. Marginalized youth are hypercriminalized by law enforcement but their communities are underpoliced
Tyrell became a target of police surveillance even before he started to sell drugs because of his tall height at a young age. This situation best describes which of the following concepts?
a. Hypercriminalization
b. Hypermasculinity
c. "Dummy smart"
d. Hyphy
a. Hypercriminalization
Which of the following is an example of a neoliberal policy?
a. Expansion of social security
b. Opening borders for trade and eliminating tariffs
c. Adopting a national healthcare system
d. Raising taxes
b. Opening borders for trade and eliminating tariffs
Which of the following statements best describes society according to Herbert Blumer's symbolic interactions?
a. Society is an aggregate of rational individuals where the whole can be understood as the sum of its parts
b. Society is characterized by the conflicts between classes
c. Society is people meeting the varieties of situations that are thrust on them by their conditions of life
d. Society consists of atomized individuals each satisfying a function based on their occupation
c. Society is people meeting the varieties of situations that are thrust on them by their conditions of life
A teenager moves to a new city with their family and meets a new group of friends. After a month of hanging out with them, the teenager learns that they steal cars for fun. At first the teenager is appalled at what their new friends are doing. However, over time, the teenager softens to the idea of stealing cars and begins to focus on the thrill, excitement, and adrenaline rush that they experience when successfully stealing a car. Their new friends teach them which types of cars are easiest to steal and how to commit auto theft without getting caught. Which theory on crime and deviance would best explain the teenager's deviant behavior in this scenario?
a. Differential association theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Rational choice theory
d. Power decentralization theory
a. Differential association theory
Which of the following best describes the connection between the code of the street and the code of the state?
a. People in institutions who follow the code of the state consider that the youth are very likely to pursue crime, mark them as at-risk, and provide very little help to the youth. Consequently, these youth may then pursue the code of the street to protect themselves from violence
b. Police officers force teachers and parents to become highly vigilant to any deviant behavior and they then become complicit in labeling the youth
c. Those who follow the code of the state assume that all youth are innocent, but then the youth engage in the code of the street due to its benefits and become violent, forcing the institutions to act to decrease crime
d. The code of the street and the state are not connected
a. People in institutions who follow the code of the state consider that the youth are very likely to pursue crime, mark them as at-risk, and provide very little help to the youth. Consequently, these youth may then pursue the code of the street to protect themselves from violence
According to Rios, the cycle of crime and violence can be resolved by ________.
a. Changing the appearance of the neighborhood
b. Adopting a tough on crime approach, including incarcerating youth even for minor offenses
c. Shifting the youth control complex into a youth support complex
d. By expanding the negative perception of people committing crimes
c. Shifting the youth control complex into a youth support complex
All of the following accurately describes neoliberalism, EXCEPT:
a. Neoliberalism advocates pure free market regulation of the economy
b. Neoliberalism cuts across party lines
c. Neoliberal polices aim to eliminate governmental restrictions
d. The United States is the only country to implement neoliberal policies and neoliberalism has not spread across the globe
d. The United States is the only country to implement neoliberal policies and neoliberalism has not spread across the globe
Which of the following was NOT one of Blumer's critiques of positivism?
a. It reduced social interaction down to the forces external to the moment of social interaction
b. It reduced social activity down to models of cause and effect
c. It neglects the role of structure in shaping social interactions
d. It neglects the meaning created in moments of social interaction
c. It neglects the role of structure in shaping social interactions
A young boy is having problems adjusting to the abrupt transition to schooling at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, he has behavior problems when encountering other children in the neighborhood. Some parents on the block have begun to talk about him as the “problem child” in the neighborhood and are more hesitant to let their children interact with the young boy. Which of the following theories on deviance would best explain this scenario?
a. Labeling theory
b. Differential association theory
c. Rational choice theory
d. Structural limits theory
a. Labeling theory
Which of the following young men best exemplifies the consequence of the overpolicing-underpolicing paradox?
a. Tyrell, who made the conscious choice to commit crime due to an acknowledgment that the police officers did not patrol certain areas
b. Jose, who acknowledged that the police did not take him seriously when he reported a crime and decided to then pursue a gang affiliation to protect himself from predatory criminals
c. Mike, who thought the police would not take the storekeepers complaint seriously and decided to steal the bag of potato chips
d. Ronny, who knew that the police would not care about non-violent crime and decided to sell pirated copies of DVDs as a result
b. Jose, who acknowledged that the police did not take him seriously when he reported a crime and decided to then pursue a gang affiliation to protect himself from predatory criminals
One surprising conclusion Rios draws in Punished is that some inner-city youths from marginalized populations may actually try to get sent to juvenile detention or prison because:
a. Patterns of punishment are more predictable than their lives in the real world
b. They want to be reformed
c. The feelings of guilt for the crimes they committed begin to take a toll on their emotional health
d. They feel safer in prison than on the streets
a. Patterns of punishment are more predictable than their lives in the real world