Emergence of the U.S. Racial Hierarchy
Internal Colonialism.
Colonialism can take place in one country. Taking over and exploiting another group for resources, labor.
Anti-miscegenation Laws
Laws prohibiting interracial marriage.
Intersectionality.
Focuses on the interactions between different systems of oppression
The first to openly publish on white privilege.
Peggy McIntosh author of "Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack."
Explain and Describe: Minority Group vs. Majority Group.
Minority Group: Groups with less power, property, prestige, privilege (subordinate group).
Majority Group: Group with the most power, property, prestige, privilege (dominant group).
Nothing to do with numbers.
Indian Removal Act.
1830 - The goal was to remove all American Indians living in existing states and territories and send them to unsettled land in the west. The Trail of Tears.
Define and describe "Phrenology."
A now defunct branch of science that compared skull sizes and data to try to determine group intelligence, etc.
Diversity Ideology.
Emphasizes the pervasiveness of diversity discourse and a superficial celebration of diversity in organizations
Define "Racial Socialization." Provide examples pertaining to POC and whites.
Socialization pertaining to your ace.
POC experience this explicitly - learn that their race matters by family, news, media.
For whites this socialization is much more subtle.
Define "Master Status" and provide two examples.
A status that cuts across all others. Examples include race and gender.
Racialization of State Policy and an example.
Government policies have impaired the ability of subordinate groups to accumulate wealth.
Examples: Impaired the ability of blacks to accumulate wealth and facilitated white wealth accumulation, Slavery is the most blatant example, Displacement of Native Americans
Genome Geography.
Evidence of human migration patterns and evolutionary genetic mutations.
Symbolic Interactionism.
Small scale sociological theory that looks at day to day interactions.
Sociologists looking into race using this perspective may look into racial identity, racial socialization, etc.
Who coined the term "Psychological Wage"? What does this term mean?
Coined by W.E.B. DuBois to describe non-monetary, intangible benefits that white workers receive over Black workers.
What do sociologists mean by "Social Construction"? Explain how race is socially constructed.
Something created by society.
Hidden Transcript vs. Public Transcript
Hidden Transcript: actions and interactions that occur outside the gaze of members of the dominant group that challenge the
Public Transcript: actions and interactions that subordinate groups engage in while in the presence of the dominant group that make them appear to accept their subordination
Scientific Racism.
Using science to prove inferiority or superiority.
The four stages of assimilation.
Contact, Conflict, Accommodation, Assimilation.
Define "White Space" and provide an example.
Institutional space where white privilege is maintained and produced. Examples include universities, corporations.
Compare and contrast Individual Racism and Institutional Racism. Provide an example of each.
Individual - One person against another. Bartender will not serve you because they do not like you.
Institutional (Structural) - Most pervasive type today. Discriminating practices by society/institutions that is largely invisible. Examples include companies refusing to hire specific groups, higher interest rates. A denial of opportunity.
Annexation defined with an example.
Taking possession of, often without permission. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo extended the boundaries of the United States west to the Pacific Ocean.
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study.
Start: 1932 To study syphilis. Provided free medical care to Black men in Macon County, Alabama, in exchange of participating in the study. Researchers provided no medical care. Penicillin available: 1945. Study lasted until 1972.
Split Labor Market Theory.
Split Labor Market Theory: workers can be divided into two classes –higher paid workers and lower paid workers, often dividing along racial/ethnic lines.
Describe how groups "become white." Provide examples.
A former racially subordinate group is granted access to whiteness and its privileges. Examples: the Irish, Greek, Italian.
Describe the Census and key findings from recent data.
Collected every 10 yrs by the federal government since 1790. Provides us with a demographic snapshot of the United States: Largest group White alone at 57.8%. Decreased from 63.7% in 2010. Hispanic or Latino 2nd largest at 18.7%. The Black or African American alone 3rd largest with 12.1%.