crime and deviance
Crime has been declining since the 1990's. What happened in 1990 that resulted in violent crimes int he form of turf wars?
Crack Epidemic
conversion of powder cocaine to crack form due to the huge influx of powdered cocaine to US.
The idea that labeling not only generates criminality, it perpetuates criminalization.
Labeling Hype
Thomas B's phrase which represents the idea that location does not matter anymore; advancements in politics and technology mean we all have access to everything.
The World is Flat
This immigration era has worldwide qualitative restrictions plus quantitative restrictions on eastern hemisphere.
3rd immigration era 1921-1964
The explanation for why people with education reap more rewards that argues education's primary function is as a sorting mechanism for employers.
Allocation Theory (which goes against human capital theory)
The gap between actual statistics of crime rate and actual rates of crime.
That dark figure of crime (crimes not reported)
The form of punishment that aims to "get even" with the offender. This type of punishment must be proportionate to the crime committed.
Retributive Justice
The idea that all societies exist in, are shaped by, and themselves shape the natural world.
The environment as a social construct
Name one pull factor for immigrants
Economic advantage OR increased rights
leader whose mission and vision inspire others. ex: Hitler
Charismatic Authority
Limitations of meso/macro theories of crime
variability in crime based on individual circumstance
The vast majority of those 25% of adults locked away in the US are in ___.
State Prison
An institution, a unit of socialization; a group of people who (sometimes) lives together in a household and shares legal ties. Critical for the production of human capital.
Family
The ironic consequence of this act increased the number of undocumented immigrants in the US up 248%.
Border Security/Enforcement
This gap, between rich and poor kids, is widening while the race achievement gap is narrowing.
class achievement gap
Becker defines this type of deviance as failure to obey group rules or expectations.
Relativistic
____ is both a reflection of existing inequalities (race, class, education, neighborhood), and also a reproducer of inequalities.
Incarceration
Three stages of Gentrification
1. Whites move in. Enhance tax base.
2. Young families start building up the area. Black displacement begins.
3. Risky investment from developers. Social services starts to disappear.
4. Large scale development means there has been a full demographic shift.
Over half of all immigrants live in these 4 states:
Texas, California, New York, and Florida
The strongest predictor of academic success
Your parents' income.
This should not be the case if education is the great equalizer.
The ability of an individual or group to achieve their own goals or aims, even in the presence of resistance. Important when defining deviance as a social construct. Can exist in legal or informal ways.
Power
Crime alone can only explain what percentage of the incarceration rate?
11%
The idea that two different beings in the same situation might not do the same thing.
Human agency
The social and cultural practices that inform a common narrative about the groups we belong to. Creates a story of who "we" are.
Collective Memory
Three informal purposes of schooling
1. socialization
2. economic development of society
3. organization and legitimization of knowledge