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Inequality
Education
Work & Economy
Social Policy
Social Movements
100
Feminization
The process of a particular job, profession, or industry being dominated by or predominantly associated with women (e.g. nursing).
100
Social Capital
From the work of Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam, the collective value of all social networks. Social capital is essentially about whom you know and the “norms of reciprocity” that develop between people who know one another.
100
Bureaucracy
Literally, “the rule of the office or desk,” an organizational from that predominates in modern society and focuses on rationality. Weber described bureaucracies as human machines.
100
Welfare State
A system in which the state provides a range of social services, including a minimum income and economic assistance to the ill, elderly and unemployed, to ensure the health and well-being of it’s citizens. Canada became a welfare state after the passage of social welfare reforms in the 1960’s.
100
Selection Bias
In regards to the media and social movements, the gatekeeper’s (editors) choice to report on a small number of protest events. Media agendas can influence this selection, independent of the events characteristics.
200
Heteronormativity
The social institutions, practices, and norms that support the assumption that people are or should be heterosexual.
200
Cultural Capital
Bourdieu’s term for the non-financial social assets that promote social mobility. For example, individuals can gain degrees, learn a more refined style of speech, or adopt elite social tastes, which can make them appear to belong to a higher social class than the one they were born into.
200
Precarious employment
Employment in a dead-end, low paying, and insecure jobs (sometimes called McJobs). In this area, employers have full control over the labour process; they are able to hire and fire employees with ease and frequency, as the kind of work makes them readily replaceable.
200
Guaranteed income supplement
A Canadian mean-tested program that provides money to seniors whose income is below a certain level.
200
Description bias
In terms of social movements, the media’s positive or negative depiction of a protest or an event.
300
Realistic Conflict theory
Based on the work of Bobo, the theory that prejudice originates from social groups competing over valued resources or opportunities.
300
Streaming
The placing of students with those of similar skills or needs, such as in specific classes or groups within classes.
300
Division of Labour
The focus of Durkheim’s work, the specialization of co-operating individuals who perform specific tasks and roles.
300
Life-Cycle Effect
A main theory in voter turnout research that seeks to explain turnout by illustrating that there is usually an increase in the propensity to vote among older people.
300
Social movement VS protest?
Social movement is SUSTAINED & LONG-TERM, protest is an individual event.
400
Contact Theory
Allport’s theory that increasing contact between antagonistic groups can reduce prejudice, lead to a growing recognition of similarities, and alter stereotypes about the other group.
400
Credentialing
Collin’s term to describe an authority, such as a university, issuing a qualification or competence to an individual. This practice is used to exclude some people from certain jobs.
400
Emotional Labour
Work, especially in the service sector, that requires emotional performances from employees. This labour is commoditized and controlled by management.
400
Generational Replacement Effect
The main theory in voter turnout research that seeks to explain declining voting rates by examining how the emergence of new generations of voters (who vote less) are replacing older generations of voters (who vote more).
400
Biographical Availability
A main predictor of social movement engagement. Individuals with fewer responsibilities and constrains, such as young people, students, single people and those without children, are more likely to have the time, energy and inclination to engage in contentious political activity.
500
Double Shift
Hoshchild’s concept that women in heterosexual households often spend significantly more time on household tasks and caring work than their partners do in addition to their work in the paid labour force.
500
Schooled Society
A term used by Davies and Guppy, describing the education system in modern society. Particularly how mass education has expanded from elementary to high schools and to high-post secondary enrolment in Canada. How schooling has become increasingly integral to modern life, and how the forms and functions of education are increasing in diversifying.
500
Scientific Management (Taylorism)
The application of scientific principles and methods to the management of labour. These practices were popularized by Frederick Taylor in order to rationalize work and make it more efficient by dividing it into increasingly smaller tasks.
500
Means-Tested Program
A type of social program that bases eligibility for government assistance on whether an individual or family possesses the means to do without that help. In Canada, means tests are used for student finance (for post-secondary education), legal aid, and welfare (direct transfer payments to individuals to combat poverty).
500
Collective Action Problem
Free rider problem - the idea that people tend to avoid participating in collective action (e.g social movements) because they will benefit from whatever is gained whether or not they contribute to the cause.