Theory & Methods
What are the three main theoretical approaches in sociology?
Structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction.
What is the key idea of dependency theory?
Global inequality stems from the exploitation of poor nations by rich ones.
An economic system with private ownership, profit motive, and free market.
What is capitalism?
A family unit composed of parents and their children.
What is nuclear family?
Describe one feature of Japan’s education system.
Rigorous
High performing
Highly competitive
Social and culture values
Define "latent function"
Unintended consequence, side-effect
What is the glass ceiling?
Invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from reaching top positions.
Market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs.
What is "welfare capitalism."
Adults caring for both their children and aging parents.
What is the "sandwich generation"?
When students internalize teacher expectations and perform accordingly.
What is the stereotype threat?
What does C. Wright Mills' sociological imagination help us understand?
Personal problems as public issues. Micro, macro.
This theory suggests stratification is necessary for social stability, ensuring that the most important roles are filled by the most qualified individuals through a system of unequal rewards.
Davis-Moore Thesis (Structural-Functional Theory).
An economic system with collective ownership and focus on equality.
What is socialism?
Marriage between people of the different social categories.
What is exogamy?
Awarding higher grades for work that would have received lower grades in the past.
What is grade inflation?
Which sociologist studied suicide and linked it to social integration?
Emile Durkheim.
Buying and using products for the social statement they make.
What is "conspicuous consumption"?
A political system in which power is given to the people, either directly or through representatives.
What is a democracy?
Which theory highlights the family's role in regulating sexual activity?
Structural-functional theory.
Subtle cultural lessons taught in schools that reinforce social norms.
What is the hidden curriculum?
What is a "spurious correlation"?
A false association between two variables caused by a third variable.
Name three high income countries.
Canada, US, Japan, UK, Australia, Germany, etc etc etc
What is voter apathy and how is it explained?
Voter apathy is low political participation; _______
Marrying someone within the same social category.
Endogamy
What is a credential society?
(Credentialization)
A society where diplomas and degrees (credentials) determine social position.