Key Terms
An economic system where a country becomes wealthy by selling resources from its colonies
What is mercantilism?
The first British person to claim territory in Canada.
Who was John Cabot?
To hold off the French and establish a military presence in North America.
Why did the British establish Halifax?
What was the Thirteen Colonies' main economic activity?
Agriculture and trade, particularly cash crops like tobacco.
Exclusive control over trade or business
What is a monopoly?
An English explorer who searched for the Northwest Passage and has a bay named after him.
Who was Henry Hudson
They competed for territory, trade routes, and control over resources in North America
What conflict existed between the French and British
What resources did New France rely on?
The fur trade, especially beaver pelts.
A treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession and gave Britain control over parts of North America.
What does the Treaty of Utrecht refer to?
An Indigenous confederation of six nations, important allies and opponents of European colonizers.
Who were the Haudenosaunee
It was a hoped-for route through North America to Asia, crucial for trade.
Why was the Northwest Passage important?
Why was farming easier in the Thirteen Colonies than in New France?
The Thirteen Colonies had a milder climate, allowing for a longer growing season.
The area around Hudson Bay controlled by the Hudson’s Bay Company
What is Rupert’s Land?
Which nation did Samuel Hearne explore for?
Britain
The Mi’kmaq resisted British settlement and expansion, leading to conflict.
What was the relationship between the Mi’kmaq and the British?
What was one geographic challenge faced by the British in North America?
Harsh winters and difficult terrain made settlement and trade challenging.
It was granted a monopoly by the British King and controlled fur trade in Rupert's Land.
What is the significance of the Hudson’s Bay Company?
It allowed the British to establish a strong presence against the French in North America.
Why was Halifax an important colonial settlement?
To stop the French from intercepting British traders and to explore more fur trade opportunities
Why did the British want to expand further into Rupert’s Land?
Why did the British explore deeper into Rupert's Land?
They were driven by the desire for more furs and the French interference in their trade.