Social 8 chapter 8

1

100

The noble or upper class in Aztec society, including rulers, priests, and high-ranking warriors. They held power and wealth.

Pipiltin

200

The middle class, composed of farmers, artisans, and traders.

Macehualtin

300

The lower class, primarily peasants working land owned by nobles.

Mayeques

400

A feeling of disrespect or dislike for someone or something considered unworthy.

disdain

500

A sign or event believed to predict the future, usually regarding something important or bad.

omen

600

the action of the people of the Iberian Peninsula taking it back for themselves and away from the Moors

Reconquista

2

100

A local church community or the area it serves.

Parish

200

An Aztec city-state, including a main city and surrounding farmlands.

Altepetl

300

 A neighborhood or community where families with similar roles or trades lived together.

Calpulli

400

Floating gardens built by the Aztecs for crop cultivation on lakes and swamps.

chinampas

500

Long-distance traders who dealt in luxury goods and sometimes acted as spies for the emperor.

Pochteca

600

the name of a large temple dedicated to significant gods

Templo Mayor

3

100

The main temple in Tenochtitlan used for significant religious ceremonies.

templo mayor

200

Small-scale businesses run from homes, often producing crafts or goods by hand.

Cottage Industry

300

 The belief that a king’s authority is granted directly by God, justifying their rule.

Divine right of kings

400

An increase in prices of goods and services, resulting in the devaluation of money.

inflation

500

Medieval European poets or musicians who traveled, performing songs and stories.

troubadors

600

Name 4 similarities between medieval Europe and the Aztecs

-both had hierarchical societies with clear class distinctions

-both had organized systems of tribute or taxation

-both were deeply religious

-both conquered lands to expand territory

4

100

The combined landmass of Europe and Asia.

eurasia

200

Occurs when day and night are equal in length, happening in spring and fall.

equinox

300

The two times a year when the sun is at its highest or lowest point in the sky, leading to the longest and shortest days.

solstices

400

A testable guess or idea to determine its validity.

hypothesis

500

To pretend to be someone else.

impersonate

600

reason for some groups helping the Spanish

conquered groups resented aztec rule and saw the Spanish as a way to overthrow the bad leaders

5

100

• Elected by a Council of Wise Men (greatest warriors and wisest priests).
• Representative of the god Huitzilopochtli; held absolute power.
• Head of government and highest priest.
• Final law authority; could dismiss emperors if mismanaged.
• Not a hereditary position; required to prove leadership skills.

Roles of the emperor

200

Best known Aztec ruler. Dismissed previous government authorities and strengthened nobility by choosing advisors from aristocracy.

Moctezuma II

300

• Title for the highest nobility in Spain, including dukes, marquis, and counts

spanish grande

400

• Refers to lesser nobles in Spain

Don

500

• Minor nobles in Spain
• Follow a code of behavior based on courage in battle
• Many participated in the Reconquista

Hildago

600

Who was in the triple alliance and who made it?

Moctezuma II made the triple alliance between the city-states of Tenochitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan

6

100

spanish parliament

Cartes

200

Payments or goods given by conquered groups

tribute

300

required or mandatory

compulsory

400

the word for Aztec emperor

Huey Tlatoani

500

a period when Spain forced non-catholics to leave

spanish inquisition or inquisition

600

How did the aztecs adapt to their environment?

1. they built floating gardens called chinampas for farming

2. they had calpulli system- a clan based land ownership made to help agricultural production

3. construction of Tenochtitlan on a lake

4. they built aquaducts

5. they were agrarian society that focused on farming