Federal Politics
This branch of government includes the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, and its job is to propose and enforce laws.
The Executive Branch
This economic problem occurs when there are not enough resources to satisfy everyone's infinite wants and needs
Scarcity (the core economic problem of limited resources)
This specific type of right allows Canadian citizens to move, live, and work anywhere inside the country
Mobility Rights (the freedom to move, live, and work anywhere in Canada)
This piece of legislation handles criminal law for teenagers aged 12 to 17, focusing on rehabilitation over punishment
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)
This advertising technique tells you that you should buy a product simply because "everyone else" is doing it
The Bandwagon Effect ("everyone is doing it").
Members of Parliament are elected by voters, but these members of the legislative branch are appointed by the Prime Minister and serve until age 75.
Senators (appointed, non-elected officials)
Canada’s economic system sits in this position on the economic continuum because it features both private ownership and government involvement
A Mixed Economy (balancing government involvement and private ownership)
Unlike individual rights, these are guaranteed to specific groups like First Nations and official language minorities to protect their heritage
Collective Rights (rights belonging to specific groups like Indigenous peoples and official language minorities)
This class of immigrants must pass a rigorous "Point System" checking factors like education, language skills, and age
Economic Immigrants (who must pass the Point System)
This technique relies on getting a famous athlete, celebrity, or trusted expert to vouch for a product's quality
A Testimonial (celebrity or expert endorsement)
This is the final stage required before a bill officially becomes a law in Canada, signed by the Governor General.
Royal Assent (signed into law by the Governor General)
These are the three core "Factors of Production" used by economic systems to create goods and services
Land, Labour, and Capital (the three factors of production)
This section of the Charter guarantees that French-speaking minorities outside Quebec have access to publicly funded schools
Section 23 of the Charter (minority language education rights)
This independent advocacy organization works specifically to stand up for the rights of women and girls in the justice system
The Elizabeth Fry Society (focuses on women and girls in the justice system)
Aside from marketing and jobs, these are the other three guiding factors that drive consumerism behavior
Health, Safety, and the Environment (alongside jobs and marketing)
This body within the Judicial Branch serves as the highest court in the land, and its main job is to ensure the rights of Canadians are respected.
The Supreme Court of Canada
These completely government-owned companies (such as the CBC) are used by Canada to provide services to citizens and protect Canadian culture
Crown Corporations
These historical, legal agreements between First Nations and the British Crown address rights to land, resources, and regular symbolic payments called annuities
Numbered Treaties (such as Treaties 6, 7, and 8)
Under the YCJA, these community-led bodies use traditional First Nations sentencing circles and cultural knowledge from Elders to determine consequences for young offenders
Youth Justice Committees
This specific advertising technique uses glowing, high-impact words or promises of an amazing outcome without actually providing any hard facts or specific details.
Glittering Generalities
During the legislative process, this specific stage is when a bill is studied in close detail by a parliamentary group, and outside experts are invited to recommend amendments.
The Committee Stage
This fundamental economic shift occurs when a government decides to reduce its regulation and involvement in an industry, moving its position further to the right on the economic continuum.
Privatization (or moving right toward a market economy)
This specific category of the Charter guarantees that you cannot be searched, seized, or detained by law enforcement without a valid legal reason.
Legal Rights
This distinct category makes up roughly 13% of Canada’s immigration target and accepts individuals strictly on a humanitarian basis because they are fleeing safety threats or persecution.
Refugees
This economic term describes a consumer's deliberate decision to collectively stop buying goods from a company as a form of protest against its environmental or social practices.
A Boycott