CASH
This "H" determines if a youth is a first-time offender or if they have a prior record with the police.
History
This "S" in MARRS ensures that youths are not treated exactly like adults, acknowledging their reduced level of maturity.
Separate
Unlike a standard courtroom where everyone faces the judge, participants in this process sit in this shape to show that everyone is equal.
Circle
Named after a prison reformer, this society focuses on the rights of all people in the justice system, but primarily men and youth.
The John Howard Society
This model focuses on three main questions: What law was broken? Who did it? And what do they deserve?
Retributive Justice
If a youth is disrespectful or lies to the officer, they are showing a negative version of this "A" factor.
Attitude
This "A" principle involves taking immediate action when an offense occurs to ensure the youth understands the impact of their choices.
Addressing Behaviour
This traditional object is often passed around the circle; only the person holding it is allowed to speak.
Feather
The Elizabeth Fry Society specifically focuses on advocacy and support for this group of people within the justice system.
Women and Girls
In Restorative Justice, crime is seen not as a violation of the state, but as a violation of these between people.
Relationships
Peer pressure, family situation, and the home environment all fall under this "C," explaining the "why" of the event.
Circumstance
This "M" ensures that the legal response is not just a punishment, but is fair and holds the youth accountable in a way they understand.
Meaningful Consequences
A major goal of the circle is "restorative justice," which focuses on repairing the harm done to this person specifically.
The Victim
This is the main goal of both societies:
Address the root causes of crime
This group of people is often ignored in a retributive court but is the central focus of a restorative process.
The Victims
This "S" factor evaluates the gravity of the crime, such as whether a weapon was used or if someone was hurt.
Seriousness
The first "R" focuses on this process, which aims to provide young people with the skills and support needed to avoid future crime.
Rehabilitate
In Canada, you must reach this age before you are eligible to be called for jury duty yourself.
18
These societies act as "watchdogs," meaning they do this to ensure the government is actually following the rules of the YCJA.
Monitor/Watch/Observe
A "victim-offender mediation" session where both sides talk to find a solution is an example of this justice model.
Restorative Justice
Police use the CASH factors to decide if a youth should be charged or given these "outside-of-court" measures.
Extrajudicial Measures
The second "R" describes the ultimate goal of successfully bringing a young person back into their community as a productive member.
Reintegrate
A youth might choose a jury trial if the Crown is seeking this type of sentence, which is normally reserved for people over 18.
Adult Sentence
Unlike the police or the courts, these societies are "NGOs," which stands for this.
Non-Government Organization
Restorative justice is "future-looking", focused on repair and healing, while Retributive justice is "backward-looking," focusing on this.
Punishment