Person Perception
Name the 6 common facial expressions of emotion.
Bonus 100 points for demonstrating all of them.
Disgust. Fear. Happiness. Anger. Sadness. Surprise.
In what type of culture does the self-serving bias tend to be less common?
Collectivist cultures (many Asian cultures).
What can you form an attitude about?
ANYTHING.
Objects. People. Groups. Events. Issues.
Name 3 factors that influence whether our attitudes and behaviour are consistent.
Strength of the attitude.
Accessibility of the attitude.
Social context of the attitude.
Perceived control over the behaviour.
What does explicit and implicit prejudice emphasise?
Whether the prejudice is consciously or unconsciously held.
Name three forms of body language.
Facial expressions. Eye gaze. Posture. Gestures.
What is the fundamental attribution error? Give an example.
The tendency to overestimate the influence of personal factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors on other people’s behaviour.
What is the most widely used model of attitudes called? Where does the name come from? What is its nickname?
The Tri-Component Model of Attitudes.
Tri = Three (Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive).
The ABCs of Attitudes.
Propose how social context may dictate whether attitude and behaviour are consistent.
The social context may ‘overpower’, the affective and cognitive components of an attitude.
The influence of friends/important people in our lives.
Peer pressure. Maintaining public image.
What is the act that makes discrimination against the law? List 3 examples of discrimination.
The Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic).
Ignoring people, excluding, bullying, physical violence, genocide.
What is person perception and why is it important?
The mental processes we use to form impressions and draw conclusions about other people.
Guides the types of relationships we have. Threat assessment or protection.
Personal attribution is an explanation due to the characteristics of the person involved, including... (name 5 things)
Personality. Ability. Attitude. Motivation. Mood. Effort.
Give an example of a cognitive component (belief) that cannot be verified.
The belief that there is aliens in another galaxy
The contracting of celebrities or well-known sporting personalities to endorse products is what type of factor influencing attitude formation?
Classical conditioning.
What is the difference between old-fashioned and modern prejudice?
Old-fashioned: openly reject the minority group, views and values are obvious, loud and recognisable.
Modern prejudice: subtle, hidden and expressed in ways that are socially acceptable.
What is the halo effect? Provide an example.
A cognitive bias where the impression we form about one quality of a person influences our beliefs about the person’s other qualities.
Susan Boyle audition. More attractive people given higher salaries. Judges can be more lenient.
What is attribution?
The process where people explain the causes of their own and other people’s behaviour.
Explain the aim, method and findings of LaPiere's (1934) study.
Aim: To find out if there was consistency between a person’s attitudes and their behaviour towards other with a different racial background (Chinese).
Method: Travelled around USA with a Chinese couple. They stayed in 66 hotels and dined in 184 restaurants. Sent questionnaires to the manager of each establishment asking if they would accept Chinese guests.
Findings: 50% response rate. Only one said that they would accept Chinese visitors.
Ben states an attitude which is held by his parents such as, that Labor is better than Liberal or that getting a good job is important to success in life, and they complimented his good judgement. This is an example of...
Operant conditioning.
Mutual interdependence, equality of status and sustained contact are all part of ___. Explain that concept.
Intergroup contact.
When you increase contact between groups who are prejudiced against each other.
Explain how eye contact is used/not used in conversation in Western, Asian and Muslim cultures.
Western = eye contact is sought in conversation.
Asian = eye contact is considered rude and confrontational.
Muslim = women may avoid making eye contact with men as it's deemed a sign of sexual interest.
Name and describe an individualist culture and what is important in it?
Australia, North America, Western Europe.
Being an individual and being independent is valued and encouraged. Achieving personal goals is considered to be more important than achieving group goals.
Alex has decided to take a gap year and complete volunteer work overseas before starting her tertiary studies.
Describe the tri-component model of an attitude she may have.
Must include affective (feelings), behavioural (actions) and cognitive (beliefs).
May be about volunteer work, taking a gap work, university.
When we are repeatedly exposed to an object, person, group, event, or issue we will feel...
An increase in liking for it.
What is a subordinate goal? Give an example from The Robber's Cave Experiment.
A goal that cannot be achieved by any one group alone and overrides other existing goals which each group might have.
Damage to water supply. Movie showing. Food truck.