Theories and assumptions!
Julian Rotter’s locus of control describes whether individuals believe outcomes are controlled by their own actions or by external forces. What are the two types of locus of control?
What are internal and external locus of control?
What is observational learning?
Learning a behavior by watching someone else do it
After failing a test, Lauren tells herself, “I’m just bad at math, I’ll never get better.” Which cognitive concept explains how her negative self-talk shapes her motivation and emotions?
What is self-efficacy? (low)
This limitation of the cognitive perspective involves ignoring deeper drives like those emphasized in Freud's psychodynamic theory.
What is overlooking unconscious processes?
According to Bandura, this key concept refers to a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
What is self-efficacy?
Who explains personality theory as the interaction between individual learning history and environmental stimuli.
Julian Rotter
Hope studies harder after watching her classmate get praised for turning in work early. According to Bandura, what kind of learning is this?
What is observational learning
A drawback of the social cognitive approach, it may not fully account for inherited traits from models like the Big Five.
What is underemphasized genetics?
This theorist developed and proposed the Cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS). He emphasized the interaction between personality and cognition.
Walter Mischel
What is the difference between outcome expectancy and reinforcement value?
Outcome expectancy is your belief in the likelihood that a specific behavior will lead to a particular outcome. Reinforcement value is the value or the importance that a person attaches to the reward; this is determined by how much it will fulfill one of your psychological needs.
Eden blames every bad grade on her “terrible teachers,” while her friend Sara believes her study habits determine her success. What concept explains their difference in thinking?
What is locus of control (Eden = external, Sara = internal)?
This limitation arises from the perspective's heavy reliance on Western research, potentially reducing applicability in non-individualistic societies.
What is cultural bias?
This theorist proposed that our behavior is guided by our expectations of reinforcement and the subjective value of those reinforcements.
Julian Rotter (expectancy value model)
What is the difference between self-efficacy and locus of control?
Locus of control is the degree to which you believe you are in control of your own life events and self-efficacy is your belief in your ability to succeed in a specific task.
When Alexa gets stuck in traffic, she stays calm by reminding herself, “It’s not the end of the world, I’ll just listen to music.” What is cognitive reappraisal?
What is cognitive reappraisal?
This perspective's focus on schemas and thought patterns makes it highly effective for therapies like CBT, a major strength.
What is the cognitive perspective?
Cognitive theorists assume that emotions and behaviors are not caused directly by events but by this, the individual’s interpretation or perception of those events
What is a cognitive appraisal
According to Walter Mischel your behavioral signatures, the repertoire of behaviors that are in response to stimulus situations, make up what?
Your personality.
After joining a new company, Hannah notices that employees who stay late and respond to emails after hours are praised by their boss, while those who leave on time are overlooked. Within a few weeks, Hannah starts mimicking the same behavior to gain approval, even though no one directly told her to.
Which theory best explains how Hannah learned this behavior by observing the actions and consequences of others?
What is Social Learning Theory?
Observational learning, demonstrated in Bobo doll experiments, provides strong empirical support as a strength for this perspective.
What is the social cognitive perspective?