Nonverbal Communication
Type of gestures that indicate an infant is aware of what others are attending to. These include reaching, pointing, giving, and showing, and develop between 10 - 12 months of age.
What are Deictic gestures?
This skill is used to direct or hold another person’s attention toward objects, people, or actions, and it facilitates pragmatic language development.
What is referencing?
The knowledge that events cause people to feel certain emotions and these emotions cause people to act in certain ways.
What is social cognition?
Type of gestures that represent something symbolically, such as a cupped hand to represent a glass to drink. These gestures develop between 12 - 13 months of age.
What are representational gestures?
These include the use of language to make promises, declarations, directions, questions, comments, threats, warnings, suggestions, and other actions. One of the first learned is requesting.
What are Speech Acts?
The ability to appropriately go back and forth between speaking and listening and allowing a conversational partner an opportunity to speak. This develops around age 3.
What is conversational turn-taking?
In early childhood, these are attempts to get an adult to do something, such as an early form of requests.
What are protoimperitives?
At this stage of pragmatic language development (between 0 - 9 months), infants’ behaviors may or may not be intentional; however, parents may interpret behaviors as intentional.
What is the perlocutionary stage?
The ability to begin a conversation.
What is topic initiation?
In early childhood, these are attempts to direct an adult's attention for the purpose of commenting or sharing interest.
What are protodeclaratives?
At this stage of pragmatic language development (between 9 - 13 months), infants begin to demonstrate intentional or goal directed behaviors (e.g. pointing, reaching, vocalizations, etc.).
What is the illocutionary stage?
The ability to remain on a topic when speaking with a conversational partner. Develops as children gain more linguistic competence and improves throughout the school-aged years.
What is topic maintenance?
Facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, and postures are all examples of this form of communication.
What is nonverbal?
At this stage of pragmatic language development (between 13 - 18 months), children begin to use words to represent objects, attributes, actions and to address wants and needs.
What is the locutionary stage?
Culture, socioeconomic factors, context, age, and conversational partners are all influential factors of this type of rules.
What is politeness?