Show:
A
B
C
D
E
100
What is Constructivism about?(what does it focus on)
focuses on human awareness or consciousness and its place in world affairs
100
when and where does constructivism begin to rise?
Beginning in the 1980s in North America
100
Much of IR theory is __________. Constructivists reject the ___________ focus.
Materialist；material
100
what does Alexander Wendt said about Anarchy?
Anarchy is what states make of it.
100
what is Materialist view?
power and national interest are the driving forces in international politics.
200
The international system is not something ‘out there’ like the solar system. It does not exist on its own. It exists only as an _________ awareness, or a common understanding, among people
intersubjective
200
What cause constructivism rise? (what theory is not suitable for the situation at that time)
After the end of the Cold War neorealist theory was not at all clear about future developments of the balance of power.
200
______ the main theoretical opponent for most constructivists.
Neorealism
200
who said that ‘Subjective understanding is the specific characteristic of sociological knowledge.’
Max Weber
200
Name three scholars of conventional constructivism
1. Alexander Wendt 2. Peter Katzenstein 3. Christian Reus-Smit 4. John Ruggie 5. Emanuel Adler 6. Michael Barnett 7. Ted Hopf 8. Martha Finnemore 9. Alistair Johnston
300
what is Giambattista Vico's idea in one sentence?
“The historical world is made by Man.”
300
what is three elements does social structures have?
shared knowledge, material resources, and practices.
300
it is helpful to emphasize the contrast between a _____ view held by neorealists (and neoliberals) and the _____ view held by constructivists.
materialist; ideational
300
Name three kinds of of Anarchy given by Wendt
1. Hobbesian 2. Lockean 3. Kantian
300
According to the materialist view，_____ are the driving forces in international politics.
power and national interest
400
What is Nina Tannenwald’s Four Major Types of Ideas?
1.Ideologies or shared belief systems 2.Normative beliefs 3.Cause–effect 4.Beliefs and policy prescriptions
400
How Neorealists critique Constructivism?
1. Such norms exist, but they are routinely disregarded for state interests 2. Realism only needs states to be uncertain and mistrustful 3. Deceptive actors ‘will stage-manage’ situation to create impressions that serve their narrow ends.
400
what this word ‘Verstehen’ means?
‘understanding’ of each other’s actions and assigning ‘meaning’ to them'
400
What does International Organizations provide?
Provide public goods, collect information, establish credible commitments, monitor agreements, and generally help states
400
‘Critical’ or ‘post-positivist’ constructivists are much more skeptical about this position
‘Truth claims’ are not possible because there is no neutral ground where we can decide about what is true. Truth and power cannot be separated
500
Explain : ‘500 British nuclear weapons are less threatening to the United States than 5 North Korean nuclear weapons’ with constructivists view
Because ‘the British are friends and the North Koreans are not’. That is to say, it is less the material fact of numbers of nuclear warheads that matter; what matters is how the actors think about each other, i.e., their ideas and beliefs. 

500
Name Four 'Forms of Power' and explain them.
1. Compulsory power refers to relations of interaction that allow one actor to have direct control over another. 2. Institutional power is in effect when actors exercise indirect control over others. 3. Structural power concerns the constitution of social capacities and interests of actors in direct relation to one another. 4. Productive power is the socially diffuse production of subjectivity in systems of meaning and signification.
500
what kind of power does IOs have? Why does they have power?
IOs have compulsory power in that they control material resources that can be used to influence others. IOs powerful because they are bureaucracies that pursue liberal social goals considered attractive by other major actors.
500
Finnemore’s analysis contains three case-studies:
i. Adoption of science policy bureaucracies by states after 1955 ii. States’ acceptance of rule-governed norms of warfare iii. States accepting limits to economic sovereignty by allowing redistribution to take priority over production values.
500
what is Ted Hopf's study about and what does he focus on?
Study of Soviet and Russian foreign policy Focuses on the domestic formation of identity to understand national interests and foreign policies are defined.