Theories of Deviance
Theory that deviance occurs when all members of society don't have equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
Strain Theory
People who have no attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief have little incentive to do this
follow the rules of society
Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society
Deviance
ways to encourage conformity to society's norms
social controls
System comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statuses
The Criminal Justice System
Theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to
Differential Association Theory
A social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
Anomie
Is deviance universal?
No, deviance varies across cultures
lies within the individual- you practice this when you don't do something because you know it's wrong
INTERNAL social control
Process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization
Rehabilitation
Theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant
Labeling Theory
When social bonds are weak, the change for deviance ______________
increases
The opposite of deviance is
Conformity
Based on social sanctions -rewards or punishments designed to encourage a desired behavior
EXTERNAL social control
A method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prisons
Incarceration
Theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
Control Theory
Any crime committed by respectable, high-status people in the course of their occupations
White collar crime
involves behavior that OVER conforms to the norm social expectations
Positive Deviance
Punishment that someone receives as revenge for committing a crime
an undesirable trait or label that is used by others to deny the deviant full social acceptance
Stigma
Name any 2 of the 4 elements of social bonds
1. Attachment
2. Commitment
3. Involvement
4. Belief
A pro to deviance is that it _______________ social norms
clarifies
involves behavior that FAILS to meet accepted norms
Negative Deviance
Using the threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions
Deterrence