Burger (Milgram)
True or False: Men and women complied at similar rates.
True! In addition to Burger, Blass (2000) - who replicated many of Milgram's experiments - also found no evidence of gender differences.
True or False: Males are more influenced by popularity than likeability.
True!
Where do we see this in real life?
True or False: The BPS results replicated the original SPE results.
False!
True or False: The six major principles that people use to decide when to comply are (a) reciprocity, (b) consistency, (c) social proof, (d) liking, (e) authority, and (f) scarcity. The recently added 7th principle is g) Uniqueness.
Unity.
What is this concept?
Burger talks about the 150-volt switch as "the point of no return". Which of the following phenomena explain this?
A. Unity
B. Cognitive dissonance
C. Locus of control
D. Foot-in-the-door technique
B or D. Defend!
When female teenagers form opinions, which groups are they most likely to conform to in order from greatest to least likely?
A) PL > PD> UL > UD
B) UL > PL > PD > UD
C) PL > UL > PD > UD
D) PL > UD > UL > PD
C) PL > UL > PD > UD
How does this differ from males?
The authors state that hunger strikes are one powerful example of a tactic that inmates have used which taps into:
a) groupthink
b) reciprocity
c) obedience
d) social identity
Burger wrote about many people arguing that Milgram's effects would not replicate today. This is an example of what social psychological phenomenon (according to Burger)?
Fundamental attribution error. Explain!
What may may play a role in peer conformity for both boys and girls?
Influencee likeability.
What are the 3 factors that determine whether or not a shared identity emerges?
- common experience of subordination (common fate)
- time (lack thereof)
- permeability of status/group (lack thereof)
Burger (and Milgram) speculated that more people would stop the experiment if informed that the majority before them stopped before they reached the end. List at least 2 reasons that this might influence obedience.
Social proof
Legitimacy of experimenter/limit of prior knowledge
Experiment 2 (real participants) did not yield ain effects of popularity on conformity like in Experiment 1 (hypothetical). What did the author say might be contributing to this finding?
Explain the notion of cognitive alternatives and how it relates to social identity/resistance.
Suggested Response:
People are more likely to challenge a given social reality when they can both conceive of other preferable realities and envisage ways of achieving them
How do you think authoritative figures (e.g. government officials around the world) reduce cognitive alternatives?