Attributions
Contributing someone's behavior to their external situation or circumstances
Situational attribution
Attribute failure to external circumstances, and success to internal circumstances
Self-Serving bias
Studied conformity in participants when actors in a group would give a wrong answer that the participant knew was wrong.
Solomon Asch's Line Study
Tendency for people to adopt behaviors, attitudes, and values of other members of a group
Conformity
What is the bystander effect?
Someone watches an emergency happen, but does nothing to help.
Contributing someone's behavior to their internal personality, "That's just how they are"
Dispositional attribution
When we make attributions about our own behavior, we account for external factors. When we make attributions about others, we attribute it to internal factors.
Actor-observer bias
Study that had participants (Teacher) administer electric shocks to an actor (Learner). Studied obedience in the participants.
Stanley Milgram's study
Following the directions of someone because we percieve them to have authority over us in some way
Obedience
What is one of the three factors that contribute to bystander intervention?
Must notice the emergency, label events as an emergency, and feel a responsibility to help.
Someone cut me off in traffic because they are a loser and don't know how to drive
Dispositional attribution
I didn't hold the door open for the person behind me because my hands were full. The person in front of me didn't hold the door for me because they are selfish.
Actor/observer bias
What were the components of Solomon Asch's line study?
Participants were in a group of actors comparing lines to a set of lines. They had to say which lines matched to the example. The actors would purposely get the answer wrong, all agreeing. The participant usually followed the actors and answered incorrectly.
Getting a person to agree to a large request by first having that person agree to a modest request.
Compliance: Foot in the Door
If there are more bystanders, it is ____ likely that anyone will help
Less
Someone ran a red light because they were late or couldn't see because of the semi-truck in front of them
Situational attribution
I aced that exam because I am incredibly smart and I studied hard. When I failed that other exam, it was because it was really difficult and the professor is not a great teacher.
Self-serving bias (it is about ourselves)
What happened in the line study on conformity when someone else said the correct line?
The participant was less likely to agree with the rest of the group, and said the correct answer
Wearing your hair a certain way or wearing different clothes to be like everyone else
Conformity
What is the phenomenon called when there are many bystanders and no one helps?
Diffusion of responsibility
Not recognizing the importance of situations on others. Example: That person is speeding because they are a jerk and irresponsible, not because they are going to the hospital
Fundamental attribution error (Ignore external/situational factors when attributing traits)
I ran that red light because I couldn't stop in time. The person behind me ran it because they are not a good driver.
Actor observer bias (It is about both us and others)
Why did so many participants end up using the deadly shock?
They felt like they had no other choice and thought the experimenter would take responsibility for it
Doing something that you might not want to do just because someone asks you to do so.
Compliance
Who was the woman who became an example of the bystander effect?
Kitty Genovese