Bransford and Johnson had three conditions in their experiment. What were they?
Title before, title after and no title.
100
Who conducted the car crash experiment? Bonus 100 for the year.
Loftus and Palmer, 1974.
100
What is bystanderism?
Not helping someone who needs help.
100
What is prosocial behaviour?
Acting in a way that is beneficial for others. (Altruism is a type of prosocial behaviour, but it doesn't have any positive benefits for the helper).
100
Bickman and Bushman both used what factor to gain compliance with requests to act in a prosocial way? (Starts with an A...)
Authority
200
What are two functions of schemas?
They improve our comprehension of new information; they allow us to make generalizations and predictions about people, places and events; they save our cognitive energy; (check other answers with your teacher)
200
What is it called when false information processed after an event can be falsely recalled as an actual memory.
The misinformation effect.
200
Darley and Latane conducted two famous experiments on bystanderism. One was the smoky room experiment, what was the other?
The participant seizure experiment.
200
What are two factors that could affect prosocial behaviour?
Diffusion of responsibility / how many people around to help; economic productivity (wealth) of a culture/city/country; cultural values (i.e. cultural dimensions); empathy; the presence of an authority figure
300
How might schemas influence confirmation bias?
One possible answer: in order to save our cognitive energy, we focus on information that is consistent with our existing schemas, which is confirmation bias (check other answers with your teacher).
300
What were the two possible explanations L&P gave for their results in the first experiment (smashed had higher speed estimates than other verbs).
#1) Participants weren't sure and so the leading question directed them towards an answer, or #2) the leading question actually resulted in a false memory.
300
Where is bystandersim more likely to occur?
in more economically developed countries
300
What were three factors that Levine (1994 and/or 2001) found affected prosocial behaviour?
Economic productivity, population size, population density and cultural values.
300
How did Cialdini get more people to re-use their towels in the hotel field experiment?
They changed the wording on the cards to tell people that others staying in the hotel also re-used their towels.
400
What two judgments were people in the "white player" condition of Stone et al.'s experiment likely to make about the player?
Showed more hustle and made intelligent plays.
400
What % of participants in the smashed, hit and control conditions remembered seeing broken glass in the second experiment by Loftus and Palmer?
32% and 14% hit and 12% control.
400
What % of participants in the smoky room experiment sought help after six minutes when a) alone, b) three participants, c) 1 x participant with 2 x passive confederates
a) 75%, b) 38% c) 10%
400
What were the four conditions of Batson et al.'s empathy-altruism (helping Elaine) experiment?
High empathy-easy escape; Low empathy-easy escape; High empathy-difficult escape; Low empathy-easy escape
400
How do the results of Bridgeman's study show the the jigsaw classroom could promote prosocial behaviour?
It shows kids in jigsaw style classrooms are better at perspective taking, which could increase their empathy, which could make them more likely to help others.
500
Who proposed schema theory?
It isn't attributable to a single psychologist, but has been contributed to by a number of psychologists over the past 100 years, including Bartlett, Piaget and Vygotsky.
500
What were the five speed estimates for all five verbs in L&Ps first experiment? (To the nearest mile per hour, mph).
Levine et al. conducted two cross-cultural studies - one only on cities in the USA (1994) and another on cities around the world (2001). How many cities were in study #1 and countries in study #2?
USA cities = 36, Countries = 23
500
Which condition in Batson et al.'s (1981) experiment were most likely to swap places with Elaine?