Terms
A concept with no objective reality that society defines and constructs.
What is race?
Discrimination practiced by individuals in their daily lives, whether or not they hold prejudiced views.
What is individual discrimination?
This group of urban residents is typically characterized by a strong sense of community based on shared ethnic background.
Who are ethnic villagers?
U.S. cities experienced rapid growth during the nineteenth century primarily due to this factor, alongside an influx of immigrants.
What is industrialization?
Cities serve many important functions for society but also have their dysfunctions. This perspective examines the functions and dysfunctions that urban areas contribute to society.
What is functionalism?
A subgroup of a population that shares distinctive social, cultural, and historical experiences and a sense of identity.
What is an ethnic group?
The belief that certain racial or ethnic groups are superior or inferior to others.
What is racism?
This 1939 New York World's Fair exhibit, sponsored by General Motors, featured a model of the future with automated highways and expansive suburbs.
What is Futurama?
Discrimination that is ingrained in the practices of large institutions, such as housing, healthcare, and education.
What is institutional discrimination?
According to this theory, economic and political elites use their resources to shape cities in a way that benefits them.
What is conflict theory?
These three experiences contribute to the identity of an ethnic group.
What are social, cultural, and historical?
It’s used to maintain this, and in some cases, policies driven by prejudice have been codified into laws.
What is power?
These characteristics, which include factors like age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, and income, help define the social and demographic makeup of a population.
What are sociodemographic characteristics?
This state has a population density of only 19 people per square mile, making it much less crowded than Manhattan.
What is Idaho?
Ethnicity is also considered this- meaning it is defined by society, and this definition affects how people are treated. Similar to race.
What is a social construction?
One of the first sociologists to study race and double consciousness, the feeling of divided identity due to race.
Who is W.E.B. DuBois?
The attitude or belief toward certain groups, while discrimination refers to actions or behavior against those groups.
What is prejudice?
This historical movement refers to the migration of millions of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West during the early 20th century.
What is the Great Migration?
Herbert Gans identified several types of urban dwellers. This type of urban resident is often unmarried, childless, and highly cosmopolitan.
Who are cosmopolites?
This sociological perspective examines how social inequality based on factors like race, gender, and sexual orientation impacts the quality of urban living.
What is symbolic interactionism?
This view attributes racial and ethnic inequality to societal problems, such as discrimination and a lack of opportunity.
What are structural explanations of racial and ethnic inequality?
This discriminatory practice involved the systematic denial of home loans and services to residents.
What is redlining?
This field focuses on the design and organization of cities, considering factors like infrastructure, zoning, transportation, and sustainability to improve the quality of life for urban residents.
What is urban planning?
According to Herbert Gans, this group of urban residents is unable to move or change their living situation, often due to financial or social constraints.
Who are the trapped?
This sociologist argued that the "street culture" or "oppositional culture" among African Americans in urban areas, while contributing to violence, is a response to segregation, poverty, and other daily struggles.
Who is Elijah Anderson?