Deviance, Crime & Violence
Violation of a social norm; can change over time
Refers to a society’s categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power.
What is stratification?
People whose gender identity and expression are different from what they were assigned at birth.
What is transgender?
Unjust treatment of groups of people
What is discrimination?
Behavior expected of a status in relation to another status
What is a role?
Ways societies try to influence members’ behavior to maintain social order.
What is social control?
Describes the social and economic patterns that keep women disproportionately poor around the world
Feminization of Poverty
Systematic disadvantages in wages, benefits, and other career factors that are associated with motherhood.
What is motherhood penalty?
Ideas that have been created and accepted by people within a society, such as race or gender
What is social construct/social construction?
Process by which people acquire a social identity and learn about the groups they belong and do not belong to
What is socialization?
Theory of policing that argues that small signs of disorder lead to outbreaks of more serious crimes
What is broken windows theory?
Statistical measure used to compare inequality across countries.
What is the GINI index?
Theory explores the oppressive power of dominant norms, particularly those relating to sexuality, and the immiseration they cause to those who cannot, or do not wish to, live according to those norms
What is queer theory?
Associations our minds make between seemingly unrelated things.
What is implicit bias?
The opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct.
Overheated, short-lived periods of intense social concern about an issue.
What is a moral panic?
Two classes under capitalism
What is proletariat and bourgeoisie?
A system of power and control that positions cis-straight white males as superior and normative in their expression of gender and sexuality
What is cisheteropatriarchy?
Argues that prejudices grow stronger if we begin to think of another group as an economic, political, or cultural threat.
What is group threat theory?
Any condition or behavior that has negative consequences for large #s of people
What is a social problem?
Responses to theory: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion; Robert Merton
What is strain theory?
Researcher who examined impact of social mobility; found zip code is greatest predictor of "success"
Who is Raj Chetty?
Responsible for coining the term intersectionality to describe bias and violence against Black women
Who is Kimberle Crenshaw?
Palestinian American academic, political activist, and literary critic; best known for their post-colonial theory
Who is Edward Said?
Different types include: innovative, revolutionary, new social, transnational
What is a social movement?