Chapters 1-4
When anticipating how they will feel a year after getting divorced, people tend to ________ their negative feelings.
A. deny
B. understand
C. disregard
D. overestimate
D. overestimate
A new manager is told that Team A is highly motivated and Team B is lazy. As this manager interacts with the teams over time, Team A becomes more productive while Team B's performance declines. This outcome most likely occurred because...
A. The manager’s initial information was accurate
B. The manager’s beliefs influenced their behavior toward each team
C. Team A members had better qualifications
D. Team B members intentionally worked below their ability
B. The manager’s beliefs influenced their behavior toward each team
Which of the following scenarios illustrates the "foot in the door" method of persuasion?
A. Bob starts with telling his friends about his terrible experiences at a restaurant, then ends on a positive note, saying "but the dessert was really good".
B. Bob asks his friend to pay for his dinner, and after his friend refuses, he says, "well could you at least spot me a few dollars for the tip?”
C. Bob asks his friend to pick him up on the way to dinner, then asks if he wouldn’t mind driving him to do a few errands before dropping him off back home
D. Bob scares his friends from going to his least favorite restaurant by telling them he got food poisoning from a dish they served him.
C. Bob asks his friend to pick him up on the way to dinner, then asks if he wouldn’t mind driving him to do a few errands before dropping him off back home
According to Batson's Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis, which of the following best explains why someone might help a stranger in distress?
A. They calculate the potential rewards they might receive for helping
B. They are primarily motivated to reduce their own negative emotions
C. They genuinely care about the welfare of the person in need
D. They fear social disapproval if they don't help
C. They genuinely care about the welfare of the person in need
In the Michaels et al. (1982) pool study, what pattern of results was observed when participants performed billiards shots in the presence of an audience?
A. Both novices and experts performed better with an audience present
B. Both novices and experts performed worse with an audience present
C. Experts performed better with an audience present, while novices performed worse
D. Experts performed worse with an audience present, while novices performed better
C. Experts performed better with an audience present, while novices performed worse
Which of the following statements best reflects the false consensus effect?
A. No one is better than me!
B. Everyone does it!
C. I don’t cheat!
D. The devil made me do it!
B. Everyone does it!
Maya starts wearing a fitness tracker because her friends all have one. She initially buys it just to fit in, but after using it for several months, she genuinely believes it helps her maintain a healthier lifestyle. This progression best illustrates which path of conformity?
A. Obedience to Compliance
B. Compliance to Acceptance
C. Acceptance to Obedience
D. Obedience to Acceptance
B. Compliance to Acceptance
Which of the following scenarios would be best for a "one-sided appeal" persuasion technique?
A. A car salesman is trying to sell his customer a car, but he explains how there have been a few recalls on this model in the past for safety reasons.
B. An ad for a new prescription allergy medication is on TV, and it lists potential side effects one could face taking this medication.
C. While touring a university, the tour guide talks about how amazing the school is and points out their many academic achievements. However, they also mention the rigorous workload and how academically challenging the school is.
D. A fast-food restaurant chain makes an ad for their limited-edition sandwich, but only shows how delicious it looks without mentioning its poor nutritional value.
D. A fast-food restaurant chain makes an ad for their limited-edition sandwich, but only shows how delicious it looks without mentioning its poor nutritional value.
Jane is participating in a speed skating competition. She is in 2nd place and almost at the finish line but decides to push her opponent out of the way, who is in 1st place. What type of aggression is this?
A. Physical, Hostile
B. Physical, Instrumental
C. Social, Hostile
D. Social, Instrumental
B. Physical, Instrumental
In Asch’s Line Judgement study, the researchers asked 1 participant and 6 confederates to indicate which of three lines match the target line. The confederates purposefully gave the wrong answers, yet soon enough, 75% of the participants also gave a wrong answer, even though there was a clear correct answer. What does this tell us about why people conform?
A. Conformity is subject to informational influences
B. Conformity does not lead to a converging of behaviors
C. Conformity is not subject to situational influences
D. Conformity is subject to normative influences
D. Conformity is subject to normative influences
Casey received a C on their Physics exam. Which of the following is an example of Casey engaging in downward counterfactual thinking?
A. If only I had studied more, I could have gotten a B
B. I might have gotten a C, but Janice got a D
C. At least I didn’t get a D on the exam
D. I can’t believe I got a C and Tanya got an A
C. At least I didn’t get a D on the exam
Mia attends several campus political debates out of curiosity despite having little interests in politics. Through repeated participation in these events, she begins to view herself as politically engaged and starts expressing more political opinions. Which theory best explains her attitude change?
A. Self-consistency Theory
B. Self-perception Theory
C. Cognitive dissonance Theory
D. Self-presentation Theory
B. Self-perception Theory
Amanda feels like she exerts less energy when she knows that a group of people, including her, are pooling their efforts towards a common goal. What might help Amanda to exert more effort when working in a group?
A. Increase evaluation apprehension
B. Increase deindividuation
C. Decrease the reward
D. Decrease the enjoyment
A. Increase evaluation apprehension
One reason that groups are more aggressive than individuals is that each group member feels less individually responsible for the group’s actions. This is referred to as...
A. Social Contagion
B. Deindividuation
C. Diffusion of Responsibility
D. Relative Deprivation
C. Diffusion of Responsibility
The “Bad News Game” aimed to build attitude inoculation toward misinformation by giving players badges for completing courses on how different misinformation strategies work. As result, players were better able to identify fake news articles. How did this game foster attitude inoculation?
A. By developing players’ counterarguments
B. By strengthening players’ reactance
C. By strengthening players’ knowledge
D. By making players’ feel fearful
C. By strengthening players’ knowledge
Susan believes that “opposites attract” because she can think of many friends and family who are in relationships with dissimilar partners. Which type of bias or heuristic is this?
Availability Heuristic
After spilling coffee on her shirt, Lisa feels certain that everyone in her afternoon meetings noticed the stain. Later, when she asks her colleagues, most didn't notice it at all. This best illustrates...
Spotlight Effect
You have a big exam on Friday, but you know that your friends are going to ask you to go out for Thirsty Thursday. You really want to stay home that night so you can study and get a good night’s rest. You think of things your friends will say to persuade you and come up with counterarguments ahead of time. In this example, you are using...
Attitude Inoculation
Jeffery recently lost his cat to a rare stomach disease and decides to start a gofundme to help with the vet bills. His friend Sergio, who remembers that Jeffery donated to his own gofundme in a similar situation, decides to donate to help his friend. Which best explains Sergio’s behavior?
The Reciprocity Norm
In Sherif’s Autokenetic Effect Study, the researcher showed participants a stationary light in a dark room and asked them to estimate how far it moved. Initially, participants gave varied answers. When repeated in groups, their estimates converged. This change in behavior is a demonstration of...
Informational Influence
After Sarah fails a major exam, her classmate Jane remarks, "Sarah clearly didn't study enough—she's just lazy." However, Sarah actually faced significant situational challenges, including a noisy home environment and a family emergency the night before the test. Which concept best explains Jane’s assumption?
Fundamental Attribution Error
A drink company repeatedly pairs images of their new sports drink with pictures of successful athletes in advertisement. Which principle are they mainly using to affect customers' attitudes?
Evaluative Conditioning
A company has utilized a technique where during their bi-weekly meetings one member from their advertising team presents their ideas, and the rest of the team members write down their thoughts privately before discussing them with the group. By utilizing this strategy, what is the company trying to avoid?
Groupthink
John believes that he is hardworking and that Rachel is lazy. Rachel believes that she is hardworking and that John is lazy. This is an example of _____
Mirror-Image Perceptions
Through the use of _______, Sherif turned the boys in the Robbers Cave Study from enemies into friends.
Superordinate Goals