Intro to Social Psych 1
The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors are influenced by factors in the social world.
What is Social Psychology?
According to the false consensus effect, people often make the assumption that everyone _ opinions and beliefs.
Shares the same
Increase, Increase, Decrease, Decrease
A correlational study will study the statistical _ between two or more variables
Relationship
Random Assignment ensures that all participants have a(n) _ chance of being assigned to either group.
Equal
What is social facilitation?
Once people learn the outcome of something, they tend to believe that said outcome was obvious. This is an example of _
What is Hindsight Bias?
Overestimating the relationship between variables is an example of a _
What is Spurious/Illusory Correlation?
What type of descriptive study describes and measures people's behavior in everyday situations?
What is naturalistic observation?
Remain constant/be controlled for
When early social psychologists migrated from Europe to the United States in the 1930's, what were they were primarily focused on explaining?
Evil behavior occurring in Western Europe (e.g., Aggression, Obedience to Nazi Authority).
The tendency to seek out, notice, and remember information that aligns with our expectations is _
What is confirmation bias?
When measuring quality of sleep, Samuel measured hours spent sleeping, while Nadia measured the number of full sleep cycles. Their studies had different _
Hint: A step of the scientific method
What is operational definitions?
One flaw of survey research is that people may respond in a way that makes them appear more likable. What is this called?
What is Social Desireability?
When neither the participant nor the researcher are aware of what condition they are in, the study is considered a _ experiment
What is Double Blind?
What is Kurt Lewin's Action Research Quote, and what does it mean?
"There is no research without action, and no action without research."
- Research should aim to solve social problems
- Actions should be grounded in evidence
Anita loves psychology club and shows up every week. She assumes that every student will feel the same way. This is an example of?
What is False Consensus Effect?
The results of experimental and correlational studies are equally valuable; however, they do have different implications/uses. What are the differences?
Experimental research provides insight into the causal nature of two variables.
Correlational research provides insight into the relationship between variables and can be used to make predictions about behavior (more accurately reflects real-world phenomena).
Plumbing records after the halftime show provided data of viewership. Importantly, this measure was not directly under people's control. What type of measure is this?
What is Covert measures
Sakela is conducting a study about the effects of AI usage on students' academic confidence. Identify the independent and dependent variable.
(Group 1 uses AI, Group 2 does not use AI)
Independent Variable: AI usage
Dependent Variable: Academic Confidence
Social inhibition posits that the presence of others decreases performance. Conversely, Social facilitation posits that the presence of others increases performance. What factors could explain this discrepancy?
Obscured individual contributions = trying less
Expertise at tasks = trying harder
Shared responsibility = Social loafing
*any answer = full points*
Ryan is adamant that he KNEW that the Seattle Seahawks would win the Superbowl, yet he hadn't bet any money (He didn't actually know).
What cognitive bias is this?
What is Hindsight Bias?
There is a negative correlation between exercise and stress level. Explain the problem of direction and/or third variable problem for this correlation.
Problem of direction = we can't tell if exercise reduces stress or if lower stress levels make people more likely to exercise.
Third variable problem = overall health or time availability, could influence both exercise and stress levels.
We can learn a lot from graveyards. In particular, we can observe past lifespans, mortality rates, etc. What type of descriptive research is this?
What is Archival Research?
In our in-class demonstration, our two basket-ball teams were randomized so that individuals had equal chances of being chosen for either group. Why was this so important?
So that individual differences (like height) would not bias the results.