This is the tendency for the presence of a weapon to draw attention and impair a witness’s ability to identify the culprit.
What is Weapon-focus effect
100
This is the finding that workers who were given special attention increased their productivity regardless of what actual changes were made in the work setting.
What is Hawthorne effect
100
This is the process by which people make judgments about the demands of potentially stressful events and their ability to meet those demands.
What is appraisal
100
These are the stages before and after the Trial stage as presented in Figure 12.1 of the "Overview of the American Justice System"?
What are formal accusation and sentencing
100
This is supported by Morgan (2004) and Valentine & Mesout's (2009) research that examined stress and anxiety on witness's perception?
What is, stress impairs witnesses abilities to accurately identify perpetrators in a lineup
200
This is the tendency for people to be more accurate at recognizing members of their own racial group than of other groups.
What is own-race identification bias
200
This is the process of evaluating an employee’s work within the organization.
What is performance appraisal
200
This is a three-stage process (alarm, resistance, and exhaustion) by which the body responds to stress.
What is general adaptation syndrome
200
Shown in Table 12.1 "Effects of Lineup and Instructions on False Identifications", participants who received biased instruction did this, especially when the real culprit was not in the lineup.
What is make a false identification
200
This led Kalven and Zeisel (1966) to conclude that "the deliberation process might well be likened to what the developer does for an exposed film; it brings out the picture, but the outcome is predetermined"
What is the finding that the final verdict is consistent with the first vote when it comes to decision making outcomes
300
This is the tendency for false post-event misinformation to become integrated into people’s memory of an event.
What is misinformation effect
300
This is the theory that leadership effectiveness is determined both by the personal characteristics of leaders and by the control afforded by the situation.
What is contingency model of leadership
300
This is the subfield of psychology that examines the links among psychological factors, the brain and nervous system, and the immune system?
What is psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
300
Shown in figure 13.2, "Job Interviewers: A Self-fulfilling Prophecy?", higher interviewer's expectations had this effect.
What is, the interviewer tried to impress rather than evaluate the applicant
300
Researching race and ethnic background biases, Huffcutt and Roth (1998) found this out about the ratings of Black and Hispanic applicants as compared to their white counterparts.
What is, they receive ratings only slightly lower on average
400
What is a means by which lawyers can exclude a limited number of prospective jurors without the judge’s approval.
What is peremptory challenge
400
This is the theory that workers become motivated when they believe that their efforts will produce valued outcomes?
What is expectancy theory
400
This is the cognitive and behavioral efforts to reduce the distress produced by a stressful situation.
What is emotion-focused coping
400
Shown in figure 13.6 "Varying Effects of Affirmative Action on Women", college women saw the admissions process most fair when?
What is, when their appointment was based on merit rather than on gender preference
400
Research shows that the use of these two things are improvements to personnel selection decisions by way of reducing biased interviews.
What is structured interviews and assessment centers
500
This is a dispute–resolution system in which a neutral investigator gathers evidence from both sides and presents the findings in court.
What is inquisitorial model
500
This is the economic rule of thumb that only future costs and benefits, not past commitments, should be considered in making a decision.
What is sunk cost principle
500
One’s happiness, or life satisfaction, as measured by self-report is known as
What is subjective well-being
500
Charted in Table 14.4 "Collectivist Coping Styles" this is the most common type of coping that has emerged in Taiwan?
What is acceptance, reframing, and striving
500
Based on meta-analysis of 126 studies involving 29,000 respondents, Harrison and others (2006) found that people are more favorable toward this form of affirmative action.