Groups
What makes a group of individuals appear as a group — what makes a group "groupy"
Entitativity
What is the difference between stereotypes and prejudice?
Stereotypes are primarily cognitive, while prejudice includes an affective component
____-concern and ____-concern
Theory that states our identities and self esteem are influenced by the groups we belong to.
Social identity theory
The anxiety or concern people feel when they fear that their behavior might confirm a negative stereotype about their group.
Stereotype threat
Based on the idea that causing unnecessary harm unto others is wrong
Harm-based morality
The shared expectations, guidelines, or unwritten rules within a group that shape how members are supposed to behave.
Group norms/rules
The tendency to prefer, support, and give favorable treatment to members of one’s own group over those in other groups
Ingroup favoritism
Context-dependent rules that change across cultures, time, and settings
Social-conventional morality
When a group of like-minded people reinforce each other's opinions and these opinions become more extreme as they're discussed.
Group polarization
The tendency to view members of groups we don’t belong to in a negative light—seeing them as inferior our own group.
Outgroup derogation
The perceived fairness of how resources, rewards, or outcomes are allocated among people.
Distributive Fairness
Thee belief that a group has a fixed, unchanging underlying nature or essence
Essentialism
A socially-constructed technology that utilizes phenotypical categorizations to erect and naturalize hierarchies of differential human value
(in other words, a humanly created system of socially and economically ordering the world based on physical categorizations)
Race
This theory suggests that competition over scarce resources — like jobs and land — breeds intergroup hostility.
Realistic conflict theory