Effects of Groups
Joe decides not to do work because he is relying on his lab partner to do all the work.
Social Loafing
Name one factor that has been found to contribute to how much we like another person?
Proximity
Similarity
Physical attractiveness
Conformity
the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes or behavior
persuasion
Helpful behavior that is done without thinking about the consequences to the helper is called
altruism
In a research study on deindividuation conducted by Diener and his colleagues (1976), Seattle children were observed trick-or-treating. The results indicated that children who were _____ took more candy than asked to take compared to the other children.
Group of answer choices
anonymous or in a group (credit for either answer)
This concept describes the fact that people often become friends with people who share their attitudes, interests, and values.
similarity
The hypothesis for decreasing prejudice that says that interaction between people from different groups can reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members under appropriate conditions.
The Contact Hypothesis
He created an experiment to determine how willing people are to follow an authority figure.
Stanley Milgram
The _____ route to persuasion occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.
peripheral
The __________ theory states that people learn social behavior by observing and imitating others
social-cognitive learning or social learnig or observational learning
What is the point of showing the example of the horribly gruesome lynching of Jesse Washington in Waco, Texas?
To show that the size of a lynch mob is correlated with the horror of the atrocities committed. it's about the effects of group size on deindividuation.
An example if this factor that leads to liking is when two people work together for years and then fall in love.
Mere-exposure effect or proximity
a type of compliance involving acting in accord with a direct order or demand or request, usually from an authority figure
obedience
Sally is interested in purchasing a DVD player, but she is overwhelmed by the many different models. She decides to consult a magazine devoted to reviewing the quality of home electronics. After reading a number of articles stating the pros and cons of each model, she decides on a DVD player. Sally has been persuaded to purchase this particular DVD player because of the _____ route to persuasion.
central
The definition of equality that focuses on the outcome of all personals having a minimum level of economic security; includes limiting the accumulation of wealth to achiive equality.
Fair Share
In a study by Latané and his colleagues (1979), the participants were asked to shout and clap as loudly as possible. In what condition did participants produce the most noise?
When thought they were shouting alone
People tend to assume that beautiful people are more social, extraverted, popular, sexual, happy and assertive. This is called__________
Sexual attractiveness stereotype or what is beautiful is good.
What is Desegregation?
the process of ending the forced or legal separation (segregation) of two groups of people (usually "races" of people).
What college did the Milgram experiment take place?
Yale University
The central route to persuasion is most effective with people who:
are motivated to listen
topic is personally relevant
have the ability to pay attention to arguments
high need for cognition
Before agreeing to volunteer at the local homeless shelter, Sharon weighs the costs (e.g., getting up at dawn) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about herself) of doing so. This strategy is explained by the ________________ theory of helping
social-exchange
Rick is a shy boy, but he went to a party and he was screaming at the top of his lungs and dancing on a table with the other kids. What group effect could explain this?
deindividualization
The four conditions that lead to decreased prejudice in intergroup contact.
Equal status; acquaintance potential, cooperation to achieve a common goal; approval of authority
Who conducted the line experiment?
Solomon Asch
A communicator or speaker is said to be _____ when he or she is perceived both as an expert and as being trustworthy.
Credible
Why can't we say that the children who attacked the Bobo doll in Bandura's were just aggressive or bad children?
Because he conducted an experiment and found that children who were not exposed to the aggressive adults were significantly less aggressive toward the Bobo doll.
What theory says that we like people who are kind to us and whom we associate with pleasant experiences?
The Reward Theory of Liking
Goals that unite all people in a group and require cooperative effort are called ______ _______. They foster cooperation and decrease prejudice.
superordinate goals
In Milgram's study, more than ____% went all the way to 450 volts.
60 (65%)
The ____________ route to persuasion occur when people are influenced by rules of thumb that trigger acceptance without much thinking
peripheral
What is one reason that violent video game playing might have a more negative effect than watching violent TV?
Play role of violent character
Actively rehearse violence
Engage in whole sequence of enacting violence
Receive rewards for violent acts
etc
Explain the research by Snyder et al that shows that "regular" people can be made to act like beautiful people via the self-fulfilling prophecy. How did it show that?
See the chapter or lecture slide
What factors can reduce obedience to commit an action one does not really want to do?
2 confederates refusing to obey, authority figure in another room, victim in another room, person takes responsibility for their actions, person stays aware of their values
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to later comply with a larger request
foot-in-the-door technique
What has research found about the effect of prosocial video games on children who play them?
more likely to be helpful, share and cooperate and less physically and socially aggressive toward someone who had insulted them
What are some real-world examples of conformity and obedience?
military, police, civil rights movement, firefighters, students uniting against an unfair teacher
Describe one characteristic of the message or content of communication that can make it more persuasive to most people.
good feelings
humor
fear (especially if offers a solution)
context (foot in door, lowball)
What motive for helping states: Every individual has the duty to act for the benefit of society and we should all help those who really need it, without regard to future exchanges
Social Responsibility Norm