Social Cognition
This effect describes the common mistake of attributing others' behaviors to their dispositions while underestimating situational influences.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
This type of influence results from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
What is informational social influence?
This concept proposes that selfless behavior is driven by the desire to enhance another’s welfare without expecting anything in return.
What is altruism?
This approach involves changing behaviors and attitudes through the association of positive or negative stimuli.
What is behavior modification?
This theory suggests that humans gain information about themselves, and make inferences that are relevant to self-esteem, by comparison to relevant others.
What is social comparison theory?
These mental tapes for how to act, provided by our culture, are called what?
What are social scripts?
This famous experiment by Solomon Asch demonstrated the power of this kind of influence.
What is conformity?
This form of aggression is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping or spreading rumors.
What is relational aggression?
The theory that best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes.
What is cognitive dissonance theory?
This term describes the apathy, detachment, and lack of personal responsibility that are typical in a bureaucratic system.
What is the diffusion of responsibility?
This term refers to the cognitive dissonance that arises when individuals recognize the inconsistency between their attitudes and their behaviors.
What is cognitive dissonance?
This social psychologist conducted controversial experiments on obedience, demonstrating that people would perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience under the authority's orders.
Who is Stanley Milgram?
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
What is the bystander effect?
These are small requests that are made to precede the larger requests to influence compliance.
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
This effect occurs when group discussion reinforces the majority's point of view and shifts group opinion to a more extreme position.
What is group polarization?
This psychological phenomenon involves the enhancement or impairment of performance when others are watching.
What is social facilitation?
The presence of others can lead to this reduction in effort by individuals when working in groups.
What is social loafing?
This term describes the phenomenon in which people are attracted to others who are similar to themselves.
What is homophily?
Persuasive messages that attempt to change people's attitudes by arousing their fears are known as what?
What are fear appeals?
This theory is an economic social theory that assumes human relationships are based on rational choice and cost-benefit analyses. If one partner's costs begin to outweigh his or her benefits, that person may leave the relationship, especially if there are good alternatives available.
What is social exchange theory?
This type of cognitive bias strengthens our beliefs as we gather evidence that supports our views, often ignoring contradicting evidence.
What is confirmation bias?
This type of power is based on the ability to punish or reward behaviors.
What is coercive power?
This psychological condition occurs when an individual or group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment.
What is groupthink?
This model predicts that we will act according to our attitudes under certain conditions unless external factors prevail.
What is the theory of planned behavior?
A model of group behavior that explains how being in a group intensifies pre-existing tendencies in the individual members.
What is the social identity theory?