The social network
A set of expectations (norms) about a specific social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Role
We subconsciously prefer people whom we see as "one of us." This is described by the __.
Ingroup bias
After winning his wrestling match, Jebediah thinks to himself, "I'm awesome!" The next time, when he loses, he thinks, "the ref missed some important calls." These different reactions are explained by the __.
Self-serving bias
The prisoner's dilemma and the tragedy of the commons are examples of this kind of dilemma where people must choose between individual short-term gains vs. the good of the group.
Social trap
"On Wednesdays, we wear pink." This is an example of a/an ___ within the Plastics.
Norm
Mr. Meanie thinks Gertrude isn't smart enough to pass his Calculus 500 class, so he ignores Gertrude's questions and never tries to help her. Gertrude fails the class. What concept explains why Gertrude failed?
A self-fulfilling prophecy
Explain the difference between conformity, compliance, and obedience.
Conformity = adjusting behavior or thinking to match a group standard
Compliance = adjusting behavior in response to a direct (usually informal) request from another person, even if they do not agree with it
Obedience = changing behavior in response to a command from an authority figure
This theory posits that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone (or a specific group of people) to blame.
Scapegoat theory
We've all been mad at that group member who's coasting on everyone else's hard work. That slacker is engaging in ___.
Social loafing
When faced with the choice to let Ms. Norbury get arrested, Cady instead takes ownership for the Burn Book, even though she will get in trouble and be hated by her peers. What concept describes her choice?
Altruism
Also acceptable: social responsibility norm
Explain the differences and the relationship between prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination.
Prejudice = an unjustified negative attitude toward a group, rooted in stereotypes and leading to discrimination.
Stereotypes = generalized beliefs about a group of people
Discrimination = unjustified negative behavior toward someone because of their group membership
When asked, "how are you?" you automatically respond with something like "good, and you?" because that is how you are "supposed to" navigate this situation. This is an example of a/an ____.
Social script
You spend a lot of time in a culture where everyone has tattoos. Eventually you start to find people with tattoos more appealing than people without them. Your preference is being shaped by the __.
Mere exposure effect
Working toward ____ helps conflicting groups overcome their differences and cooperate.
Superordinate goals
When the mob scene breaks out in Mean Girls, one girl feels emboldened to kick the principal because so many other girls are rioting violently, so she is "just one of the crowd." This illustrates the concept of ___.
Deindividuation
The tendency to view one's own cultural/ethnic group as the superior standard, and thereby misinterpret or discount the behavior and norms of other cultures.
Ethnocentrism
A team is facing a tight deadline and, under stress, rushes to a decision, suppressing any questions or concerns about potential risks to get the project done faster. What problematic psychology phenomenon have they fallen prey to?
Groupthink
The theory that blocking an individual's attempt to achieve a goal generates anger, which often leads to aggressive behavior.
The frustration-aggression principle
This type of psychologist helps optimize work environments for productivity, including building a good company culture.
Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists.
In the trust-building exercise, the girls reveal vulnerable personal information about themselves. This act is known as ___.
Self-disclosure
What is the difference between individualism and collectivism?
Individualism = giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Collectivism = giving priority to the goals of one's group (extended family, society, etc.) and defining one's identity accordingly
A group of seniors starts lightly complaining about freshmen being annoying in the cafeteria. By the end of their conversation, the seniors are convinced that freshmen should be flat-out banned from the cafeteria. Their change in attitude reflects ____.
Group polarization
In a romantic relationship, ____ love starts out strong but is gradually replaced with _____ love.
Passionate; companionate
The Jets and the Sharks gangs are fighting. The Jets see themselves as ethical, peaceful, and fair, while they blame the Sharks for being aggressive and unreasonable. But the Sharks see it as vice versa. The groups are experiencing __ which is preventing them from resolving their conflict.
Mirror-image perception
In the trust exercise Gretchen says "I can't help it that I'm popular" -- she assumes everyone sees her the way she sees herself. However, the other girls drop her, showing they disagree. Gretchen was under the wrong impression due to the ____.
False consensus effect