Intro & Methods
People tend to look for information that confirms their preexisting beliefs and disregard information that contradicts their preexisting beliefs.
What is confirmation bias?
This theory states that we form (parts of) our self-concept by analyzing our own behavior.
What is self-perception theory?
According to Kahneman, social cognition is comprised of these two processes.
What are intuition and logic?
When we attribute someone's behavior to their personality, we have made this kind of attribution.
What is internal?
What are implicit attitudes?
To study a construct like anxiety, you need to do this: create a specific item or question to measure that construct.
What is operationalize?
What is a downward social comparison?
The prevalence of violent crime new coverage leads us to believe it is more common than it actually is, according to this heuristic.
What is availability?
When we attribute someone's behavior to the social situation, we have made this kind of attribution.
What is external?
When you have strong justification for your actions (like that you did something unethical because you got paid for it), you can minimize this feeling.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Participants might under-report feelings like depression in order to appear more "normal" to the researcher.
What is social desirability bias?
What is self-expansion theory?
Underestimating the time needed to study for your social psych exam is an example of this cognitive bias.
What is the planning fallacy?
What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
Suppose you're watching a very boring movie with your romantic partner. You might continue watching the movie even though you're not interested because of the existence of these.
What are dual attitudes?
Kurt Lewin proposed that human behavior is a product of these two things.
What are personality and environment?
Joe is the kind of person who can easily adjust his speaking style, body language, etc. to fit in with the social situation. According to self-presentation theory, Joe is this.
What is a high self-monitor?
Claiming to have "known all along" that a candidate would win an election - after the election results are known - is an example of this cognitive bias.
What is hindsight bias?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Asking potential voters about their attitudes toward voting may not predict their likelihood of going to the polls in 2020. In this case, the attitude does not predict behavior because of a lack of this quality.
What is specificity?
This process is important for emphasizing true, generalizable effects, and many studies do not pass this threshold.
What is replication?
Examples of these would be telling ourselves that we are above average in terms of niceness, generosity, etc.
What are self-serving (cognitive) biases?
This type of thinking refers to imagining "if only..." things had been better or worse, then a different outcome would have occurred.
What is counterfactual thinking?
If you are rude to someone, you are likely to attribute that behavior to your situational influences (like being in a hurry, not recognizing the person, etc.) than your disposition. This is an example of this bias.
What is the actor-observer bias?
Although the IAT claims to measure implicit attitudes, it may actually be measuring our exposure to these.
What are cultural prejudices?