The Self
This theory posits that individuals infer their attitudes and feelings from their behaviours, especially when they are uncertain about their internal states
Self-Perception Theory
These encompass societal expectations regarding behaviours and professions for men and women, often leading to stereotypes and biases
Gender Roles
This occurs when individuals believe others' interpretations of ambiguous situations are more accurate than their own, leading to private acceptance of the group's views
Informational Social Influence
These attitudes are those that individuals can consciously endorse and report, often influenced by recent experiences and measured through self-report scales.
Explicit Attitudes
______ justification involves changing one's beliefs or attitudes to align with their behaviour, while _____ justification refers to situational factors that explain the behaviour.
Internal; external
This event occurs when external rewards diminish intrinsic motivation, causing individuals to attribute their actions to external factors rather than personal enjoyment
These fulfil essential human needs for belonging and identity, influencing self-esteem and personal development. Social psychology defines it as a group of 3 or more individuals who are interdependent and share a common goal
Groups
This occurs when the desire to be liked or accepted by others overrides one’s internal beliefs, often leading to public compliance without private acceptance of the group's beliefs
Normative Social Influence
These attitudes are involuntary and often unconscious, typically rooted in early experiences, and measured using tools like the Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Implicit Attitudes
This effect describes how individuals increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain, often seen in group dynamics and initiation rituals.
The Justification of Effort Effect
This theory posits that self-esteem functions as a gauge for social acceptance and rejection, evolving as a mechanism to monitor social relationships
Sociometer Theory
This occurs when individuals lose self-awareness and feel less accountable for their actions in a group setting, often leading to impulsive behaviour
These 3 things are the main drives for Social Influence Theory and are the reason that one may conform to a group
This principle suggests that an individual's average behaviour is a better predictor of their attitudes than isolated instances
Principle of Aggregation
This theory posits that individuals are predisposed to feel approval or disapproval towards certain behaviours based on six moral pillars: Care, Fairness, Liberty, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity
The Moral Foundations Theory
This theory posits that individuals seek confirmation of their self-concept, whether positive or negative, leading to a tension between accuracy and self-esteem
Self-Verification Theory
Strategies such as remaining impartial, seeking outside opinions, and creating subgroups can be effective reducing the occurrence of this concept
Groupthink
This is a form of social influence where individuals conform to the commands of an authority figure. From childhood, individuals are socialized to obey authority, internalizing norms and rules even in their absence.
Obedience
These attitudes are easily accessible and are more likely to influence behaviour, especially when formed through direct personal experience
Salient Attitudes
_______ is more effective for motivated audiences, while _____ works better for distracted or disinterested audiences
Reason; emotion
______ is when individuals compare themselves to similar others who are better in an area than they are and can lead to inspiration or negative self-image
______ is when individuals compare themselves to similar others who are worse than they are in an area
Upward social comparison; downward social comparison
This concept refers to the tendency for group discussions to lead to more extreme positions than those held by individual members
Group Polarization
This can lead to continued obedience, as initial minor commitments can escalate into more significant actions through one’s justification of the initial action
Self-Justification
This theory posits that intentions, social norms, and perceived control are critical predictors of deliberate behaviour, highlighting the complexity of attitude-behaviour relationships
The Planned Behaviour Theory
The ______ effect suggests that the first message in a sequence is often more impactful, while the ______ effect indicates that the last message may be more persuasive if there is a delay between messages
Primacy; Recency