Social Psych- intro
In 1964, a woman was attacked outside her apartment building. Several people heard her cries for help, but did not intervene. This event led to studies into the "bystander effect". What was her name?
Kitty Genovese
This type of attribution looks to factors OUTSIDE a person's control. For example, someone could blame family issues, car trouble, traffic, or lazy coworkers, as an excuse for not getting their work done on time.
External Attribution
Individual or group behavior that leads to a short-term gain for the individual or group can lead to disaster for all if everyone (or all groups) were to engage in the same behavior. What is this called?
Social Dilemma
Following a group’s standards, methods, or behavior as a result of unspoken group pressure, real or imagined. It includes both compliance and obedience. It refers to any behavior that occurs as a result of outside influence.
Conformity
The unselfish regard for others’ welfare. For example, helping an elderly person cross the street when it is cold outside just to be nice without expecting anything in return. What is this called?
Altruism
What is the process called when you are more likely to engage in behaviour when you are in a large group of people (and can't be identified) than you would if you were alone.
Deindividuation
This type of attribution looks INSIDE the individual to explain their behaviour. For example, someone might blame someone's personality, laziness, or lack of intelligence for why they didn't get their work done on time.
Internal Attribution
A famous thought experiment that involves a situation where the participant is asked to either cooperate or compete with the other party. The traditional experiment described a situation relating to criminals. What is it called?
The Prisoner's Dilemma
In Solomon Asch's famous experiment, he asked participants to sit with their peers, look at a series of shapes, and say which one was longest. What were the shapes?
Lines
In a famous classroom experiment on racism and discrimination (Iowa, 1964), Jane Elliot asked her third grade students to separate themselves into two groups. How were the groups separated?
Eye colour: brown eyes and blue eyes.
This experiment, named after a popular children's toy, was used to study how children learned behaviours from their peers and from authority figures. If adults hit the toy, the kids were likely to copy them.
The Bobo Doll Experiment
Covariation Model: A high level of THIS means that the behaviour happens all the time, and is not a one-time event.
Consistency
When individuals share a common resource they all want and there is a scarcity of that resource (or the perception of a scarcity of that resource), individuals sometimes take more than their fair share and use the resource up quickly. What kind of Dilemma is this?
Common's Dilemma
The opposite of individualistic cultures are _____ cultures, where members of that society are more likely to think of the group rather than the individual.
Collectivist .
What do we call behaviour intended to help or benefit others in social settings?
Prosocial hehaviour
Sometimes, when we expect a certain outcome in a situation, we are likely to behave in a way that makes that outcome even more likely. For example, if we think we're going to fail a test, we might not study because we don't think there's any use.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Covariation Model: A high level of THIS means that the behaviour is happening in only one specific, distinct, situation.
Distinctiveness
When an outside, objective source helps find a workable solution, like when a mediator works with a divorcing couple or a peer helper works with peers- what is this kind of intervention called?
Third-Party Intervention.
In this famous experiment, the researcher asked participants to "shock" another participant (who was in on it) and see how far they went on the shock machine before refusing orders from an authority figure. What was this experiment called?
The Milgram Experiment
What do we call behaviour that is harmful or that disadvantages others?
Antisocial behaviour
A child learns what a cat is at a young age. Two ears, four legs, a long tail, and is covered in fur. When visiting an aunt, the child sees their dog, points at it, and yells "kitty!". What social psychology concept is leading them to that conclusion?
Schema.
Covariation Model: A high level of THIS means that everyone is doing this behaviour, not only the one subject.
Consensus
When two groups are at odds with one another, you can give them a shared goal that can only be achieved through cooperation. What is this goal called?
Superordinate goal.
This genocide, which resulted in the deaths of over 6,000,000 people in the 1930s and 40s, led to the trial of several officials. Citing that they were only following orders from authority figures, these trials inspired the Milgram experiments.
The Holocaust
This is what we call racial prejudice held by individuals who do not consider themselves to be prejudiced, but who harbor some negative attitudes toward members of minority groups.
Aversive racism